1 | # |
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2 | # turtle.py: a Tkinter based turtle graphics module for Python |
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3 | # Version 1.0.1 - 24. 9. 2009 |
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4 | # |
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5 | # Copyright (C) 2006 - 2010 Gregor Lingl |
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6 | # email: glingl@aon.at |
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7 | # |
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8 | # This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied |
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9 | # warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages |
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10 | # arising from the use of this software. |
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11 | # |
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12 | # Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, |
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13 | # including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it |
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14 | # freely, subject to the following restrictions: |
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15 | # |
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16 | # 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not |
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17 | # claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software |
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18 | # in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be |
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19 | # appreciated but is not required. |
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20 | # 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be |
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21 | # misrepresented as being the original software. |
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22 | # 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution. |
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23 | |
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24 | |
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25 | """ |
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26 | Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to |
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27 | kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed |
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28 | by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966. |
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29 | |
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30 | Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an ``import turtle``, give it |
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31 | the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in |
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32 | the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the |
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33 | command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. |
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34 | |
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35 | By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and |
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36 | pictures can easily be drawn. |
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37 | |
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38 | ----- turtle.py |
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39 | |
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40 | This module is an extended reimplementation of turtle.py from the |
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41 | Python standard distribution up to Python 2.5. (See: http://www.python.org) |
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42 | |
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43 | It tries to keep the merits of turtle.py and to be (nearly) 100% |
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44 | compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the |
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45 | learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods |
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46 | interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with |
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47 | the -n switch. |
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48 | |
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49 | Roughly it has the following features added: |
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50 | |
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51 | - Better animation of the turtle movements, especially of turning the |
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52 | turtle. So the turtles can more easily be used as a visual feedback |
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53 | instrument by the (beginning) programmer. |
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54 | |
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55 | - Different turtle shapes, gif-images as turtle shapes, user defined |
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56 | and user controllable turtle shapes, among them compound |
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57 | (multicolored) shapes. Turtle shapes can be stretched and tilted, which |
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58 | makes turtles very versatile geometrical objects. |
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59 | |
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60 | - Fine control over turtle movement and screen updates via delay(), |
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61 | and enhanced tracer() and speed() methods. |
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62 | |
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63 | - Aliases for the most commonly used commands, like fd for forward etc., |
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64 | following the early Logo traditions. This reduces the boring work of |
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65 | typing long sequences of commands, which often occur in a natural way |
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66 | when kids try to program fancy pictures on their first encounter with |
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67 | turtle graphics. |
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68 | |
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69 | - Turtles now have an undo()-method with configurable undo-buffer. |
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70 | |
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71 | - Some simple commands/methods for creating event driven programs |
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72 | (mouse-, key-, timer-events). Especially useful for programming games. |
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73 | |
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74 | - A scrollable Canvas class. The default scrollable Canvas can be |
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75 | extended interactively as needed while playing around with the turtle(s). |
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76 | |
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77 | - A TurtleScreen class with methods controlling background color or |
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78 | background image, window and canvas size and other properties of the |
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79 | TurtleScreen. |
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80 | |
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81 | - There is a method, setworldcoordinates(), to install a user defined |
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82 | coordinate-system for the TurtleScreen. |
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83 | |
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84 | - The implementation uses a 2-vector class named Vec2D, derived from tuple. |
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85 | This class is public, so it can be imported by the application programmer, |
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86 | which makes certain types of computations very natural and compact. |
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87 | |
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88 | - Appearance of the TurtleScreen and the Turtles at startup/import can be |
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89 | configured by means of a turtle.cfg configuration file. |
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90 | The default configuration mimics the appearance of the old turtle module. |
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91 | |
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92 | - If configured appropriately the module reads in docstrings from a docstring |
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93 | dictionary in some different language, supplied separately and replaces |
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94 | the English ones by those read in. There is a utility function |
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95 | write_docstringdict() to write a dictionary with the original (English) |
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96 | docstrings to disc, so it can serve as a template for translations. |
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97 | |
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98 | Behind the scenes there are some features included with possible |
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99 | extensions in mind. These will be commented and documented elsewhere. |
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100 | |
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101 | """ |
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102 | |
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103 | _ver = "turtle 1.0b1 - for Python 2.6 - 30. 5. 2008, 18:08" |
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104 | |
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105 | #print _ver |
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106 | |
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107 | import Tkinter as TK |
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108 | import types |
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109 | import math |
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110 | import time |
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111 | import os |
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112 | |
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113 | from os.path import isfile, split, join |
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114 | from copy import deepcopy |
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115 | |
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116 | from math import * ## for compatibility with old turtle module |
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117 | |
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118 | _tg_classes = ['ScrolledCanvas', 'TurtleScreen', 'Screen', |
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119 | 'RawTurtle', 'Turtle', 'RawPen', 'Pen', 'Shape', 'Vec2D'] |
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120 | _tg_screen_functions = ['addshape', 'bgcolor', 'bgpic', 'bye', |
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121 | 'clearscreen', 'colormode', 'delay', 'exitonclick', 'getcanvas', |
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122 | 'getshapes', 'listen', 'mode', 'onkey', 'onscreenclick', 'ontimer', |
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123 | 'register_shape', 'resetscreen', 'screensize', 'setup', |
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124 | 'setworldcoordinates', 'title', 'tracer', 'turtles', 'update', |
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125 | 'window_height', 'window_width'] |
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126 | _tg_turtle_functions = ['back', 'backward', 'begin_fill', 'begin_poly', 'bk', |
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127 | 'circle', 'clear', 'clearstamp', 'clearstamps', 'clone', 'color', |
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128 | 'degrees', 'distance', 'dot', 'down', 'end_fill', 'end_poly', 'fd', |
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129 | 'fill', 'fillcolor', 'forward', 'get_poly', 'getpen', 'getscreen', |
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130 | 'getturtle', 'goto', 'heading', 'hideturtle', 'home', 'ht', 'isdown', |
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131 | 'isvisible', 'left', 'lt', 'onclick', 'ondrag', 'onrelease', 'pd', |
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132 | 'pen', 'pencolor', 'pendown', 'pensize', 'penup', 'pos', 'position', |
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133 | 'pu', 'radians', 'right', 'reset', 'resizemode', 'rt', |
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134 | 'seth', 'setheading', 'setpos', 'setposition', 'settiltangle', |
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135 | 'setundobuffer', 'setx', 'sety', 'shape', 'shapesize', 'showturtle', |
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136 | 'speed', 'st', 'stamp', 'tilt', 'tiltangle', 'towards', 'tracer', |
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137 | 'turtlesize', 'undo', 'undobufferentries', 'up', 'width', |
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138 | 'window_height', 'window_width', 'write', 'xcor', 'ycor'] |
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139 | _tg_utilities = ['write_docstringdict', 'done', 'mainloop'] |
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140 | _math_functions = ['acos', 'asin', 'atan', 'atan2', 'ceil', 'cos', 'cosh', |
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141 | 'e', 'exp', 'fabs', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'hypot', 'ldexp', 'log', |
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142 | 'log10', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh'] |
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143 | |
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144 | __all__ = (_tg_classes + _tg_screen_functions + _tg_turtle_functions + |
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145 | _tg_utilities + ['Terminator'] + _math_functions) |
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146 | |
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147 | _alias_list = ['addshape', 'backward', 'bk', 'fd', 'ht', 'lt', 'pd', 'pos', |
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148 | 'pu', 'rt', 'seth', 'setpos', 'setposition', 'st', |
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149 | 'turtlesize', 'up', 'width'] |
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150 | |
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151 | _CFG = {"width" : 0.5, # Screen |
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152 | "height" : 0.75, |
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153 | "canvwidth" : 400, |
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154 | "canvheight": 300, |
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155 | "leftright": None, |
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156 | "topbottom": None, |
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157 | "mode": "standard", # TurtleScreen |
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158 | "colormode": 1.0, |
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159 | "delay": 10, |
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160 | "undobuffersize": 1000, # RawTurtle |
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161 | "shape": "classic", |
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162 | "pencolor" : "black", |
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163 | "fillcolor" : "black", |
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164 | "resizemode" : "noresize", |
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165 | "visible" : True, |
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166 | "language": "english", # docstrings |
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167 | "exampleturtle": "turtle", |
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168 | "examplescreen": "screen", |
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169 | "title": "Python Turtle Graphics", |
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170 | "using_IDLE": False |
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171 | } |
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172 | |
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173 | ##print "cwd:", os.getcwd() |
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174 | ##print "__file__:", __file__ |
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175 | ## |
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176 | ##def show(dictionary): |
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177 | ## print "==========================" |
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178 | ## for key in sorted(dictionary.keys()): |
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179 | ## print key, ":", dictionary[key] |
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180 | ## print "==========================" |
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181 | ## print |
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182 | |
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183 | def config_dict(filename): |
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184 | """Convert content of config-file into dictionary.""" |
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185 | f = open(filename, "r") |
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186 | cfglines = f.readlines() |
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187 | f.close() |
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188 | cfgdict = {} |
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189 | for line in cfglines: |
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190 | line = line.strip() |
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191 | if not line or line.startswith("#"): |
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192 | continue |
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193 | try: |
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194 | key, value = line.split("=") |
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195 | except: |
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196 | print "Bad line in config-file %s:\n%s" % (filename,line) |
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197 | continue |
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198 | key = key.strip() |
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199 | value = value.strip() |
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200 | if value in ["True", "False", "None", "''", '""']: |
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201 | value = eval(value) |
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202 | else: |
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203 | try: |
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204 | if "." in value: |
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205 | value = float(value) |
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206 | else: |
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207 | value = int(value) |
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208 | except: |
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209 | pass # value need not be converted |
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210 | cfgdict[key] = value |
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211 | return cfgdict |
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212 | |
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213 | def readconfig(cfgdict): |
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214 | """Read config-files, change configuration-dict accordingly. |
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215 | |
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216 | If there is a turtle.cfg file in the current working directory, |
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217 | read it from there. If this contains an importconfig-value, |
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218 | say 'myway', construct filename turtle_mayway.cfg else use |
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219 | turtle.cfg and read it from the import-directory, where |
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220 | turtle.py is located. |
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221 | Update configuration dictionary first according to config-file, |
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222 | in the import directory, then according to config-file in the |
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223 | current working directory. |
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224 | If no config-file is found, the default configuration is used. |
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225 | """ |
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226 | default_cfg = "turtle.cfg" |
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227 | cfgdict1 = {} |
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228 | cfgdict2 = {} |
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229 | if isfile(default_cfg): |
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230 | cfgdict1 = config_dict(default_cfg) |
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231 | #print "1. Loading config-file %s from: %s" % (default_cfg, os.getcwd()) |
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232 | if "importconfig" in cfgdict1: |
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233 | default_cfg = "turtle_%s.cfg" % cfgdict1["importconfig"] |
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234 | try: |
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235 | head, tail = split(__file__) |
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236 | cfg_file2 = join(head, default_cfg) |
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237 | except: |
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238 | cfg_file2 = "" |
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239 | if isfile(cfg_file2): |
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240 | #print "2. Loading config-file %s:" % cfg_file2 |
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241 | cfgdict2 = config_dict(cfg_file2) |
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242 | ## show(_CFG) |
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243 | ## show(cfgdict2) |
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244 | _CFG.update(cfgdict2) |
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245 | ## show(_CFG) |
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246 | ## show(cfgdict1) |
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247 | _CFG.update(cfgdict1) |
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248 | ## show(_CFG) |
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249 | |
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250 | try: |
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251 | readconfig(_CFG) |
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252 | except: |
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253 | print "No configfile read, reason unknown" |
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254 | |
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255 | |
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256 | class Vec2D(tuple): |
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257 | """A 2 dimensional vector class, used as a helper class |
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258 | for implementing turtle graphics. |
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259 | May be useful for turtle graphics programs also. |
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260 | Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple! |
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261 | |
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262 | Provides (for a, b vectors, k number): |
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263 | a+b vector addition |
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264 | a-b vector subtraction |
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265 | a*b inner product |
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266 | k*a and a*k multiplication with scalar |
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267 | |a| absolute value of a |
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268 | a.rotate(angle) rotation |
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269 | """ |
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270 | def __new__(cls, x, y): |
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271 | return tuple.__new__(cls, (x, y)) |
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272 | def __add__(self, other): |
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273 | return Vec2D(self[0]+other[0], self[1]+other[1]) |
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274 | def __mul__(self, other): |
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275 | if isinstance(other, Vec2D): |
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276 | return self[0]*other[0]+self[1]*other[1] |
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277 | return Vec2D(self[0]*other, self[1]*other) |
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278 | def __rmul__(self, other): |
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279 | if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, float): |
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280 | return Vec2D(self[0]*other, self[1]*other) |
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281 | def __sub__(self, other): |
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282 | return Vec2D(self[0]-other[0], self[1]-other[1]) |
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283 | def __neg__(self): |
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284 | return Vec2D(-self[0], -self[1]) |
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285 | def __abs__(self): |
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286 | return (self[0]**2 + self[1]**2)**0.5 |
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287 | def rotate(self, angle): |
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288 | """rotate self counterclockwise by angle |
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289 | """ |
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290 | perp = Vec2D(-self[1], self[0]) |
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291 | angle = angle * math.pi / 180.0 |
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292 | c, s = math.cos(angle), math.sin(angle) |
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293 | return Vec2D(self[0]*c+perp[0]*s, self[1]*c+perp[1]*s) |
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294 | def __getnewargs__(self): |
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295 | return (self[0], self[1]) |
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296 | def __repr__(self): |
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297 | return "(%.2f,%.2f)" % self |
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298 | |
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299 | |
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300 | ############################################################################## |
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301 | ### From here up to line : Tkinter - Interface for turtle.py ### |
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302 | ### May be replaced by an interface to some different graphics toolkit ### |
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303 | ############################################################################## |
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304 | |
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305 | ## helper functions for Scrolled Canvas, to forward Canvas-methods |
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306 | ## to ScrolledCanvas class |
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307 | |
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308 | def __methodDict(cls, _dict): |
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309 | """helper function for Scrolled Canvas""" |
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310 | baseList = list(cls.__bases__) |
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311 | baseList.reverse() |
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312 | for _super in baseList: |
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313 | __methodDict(_super, _dict) |
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314 | for key, value in cls.__dict__.items(): |
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315 | if type(value) == types.FunctionType: |
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316 | _dict[key] = value |
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317 | |
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318 | def __methods(cls): |
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319 | """helper function for Scrolled Canvas""" |
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320 | _dict = {} |
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321 | __methodDict(cls, _dict) |
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322 | return _dict.keys() |
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323 | |
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324 | __stringBody = ( |
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325 | 'def %(method)s(self, *args, **kw): return ' + |
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326 | 'self.%(attribute)s.%(method)s(*args, **kw)') |
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327 | |
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328 | def __forwardmethods(fromClass, toClass, toPart, exclude = ()): |
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329 | """Helper functions for Scrolled Canvas, used to forward |
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330 | ScrolledCanvas-methods to Tkinter.Canvas class. |
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331 | """ |
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332 | _dict = {} |
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333 | __methodDict(toClass, _dict) |
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334 | for ex in _dict.keys(): |
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335 | if ex[:1] == '_' or ex[-1:] == '_': |
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336 | del _dict[ex] |
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337 | for ex in exclude: |
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338 | if ex in _dict: |
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339 | del _dict[ex] |
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340 | for ex in __methods(fromClass): |
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341 | if ex in _dict: |
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342 | del _dict[ex] |
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343 | |
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344 | for method, func in _dict.items(): |
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345 | d = {'method': method, 'func': func} |
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346 | if type(toPart) == types.StringType: |
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347 | execString = \ |
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348 | __stringBody % {'method' : method, 'attribute' : toPart} |
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349 | exec execString in d |
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350 | fromClass.__dict__[method] = d[method] |
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351 | |
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352 | |
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353 | class ScrolledCanvas(TK.Frame): |
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354 | """Modeled after the scrolled canvas class from Grayons's Tkinter book. |
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355 | |
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356 | Used as the default canvas, which pops up automatically when |
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357 | using turtle graphics functions or the Turtle class. |
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358 | """ |
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359 | def __init__(self, master, width=500, height=350, |
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360 | canvwidth=600, canvheight=500): |
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361 | TK.Frame.__init__(self, master, width=width, height=height) |
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362 | self._rootwindow = self.winfo_toplevel() |
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363 | self.width, self.height = width, height |
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364 | self.canvwidth, self.canvheight = canvwidth, canvheight |
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365 | self.bg = "white" |
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366 | self._canvas = TK.Canvas(master, width=width, height=height, |
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367 | bg=self.bg, relief=TK.SUNKEN, borderwidth=2) |
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368 | self.hscroll = TK.Scrollbar(master, command=self._canvas.xview, |
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369 | orient=TK.HORIZONTAL) |
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370 | self.vscroll = TK.Scrollbar(master, command=self._canvas.yview) |
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371 | self._canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self.hscroll.set, |
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372 | yscrollcommand=self.vscroll.set) |
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373 | self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=0) |
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374 | self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=0) |
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375 | self._canvas.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0, |
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376 | column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
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377 | self.vscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0, |
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378 | column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
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379 | self.hscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=1, |
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380 | column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
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381 | self.reset() |
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382 | self._rootwindow.bind('<Configure>', self.onResize) |
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383 | |
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384 | def reset(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg = None): |
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385 | """Adjust canvas and scrollbars according to given canvas size.""" |
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386 | if canvwidth: |
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387 | self.canvwidth = canvwidth |
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388 | if canvheight: |
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389 | self.canvheight = canvheight |
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390 | if bg: |
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391 | self.bg = bg |
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392 | self._canvas.config(bg=bg, |
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393 | scrollregion=(-self.canvwidth//2, -self.canvheight//2, |
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394 | self.canvwidth//2, self.canvheight//2)) |
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395 | self._canvas.xview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvwidth - self.width + 30) / |
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396 | self.canvwidth) |
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397 | self._canvas.yview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvheight- self.height + 30) / |
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398 | self.canvheight) |
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399 | self.adjustScrolls() |
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400 | |
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401 | |
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402 | def adjustScrolls(self): |
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403 | """ Adjust scrollbars according to window- and canvas-size. |
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404 | """ |
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405 | cwidth = self._canvas.winfo_width() |
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406 | cheight = self._canvas.winfo_height() |
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407 | self._canvas.xview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvwidth-cwidth)/self.canvwidth) |
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408 | self._canvas.yview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvheight-cheight)/self.canvheight) |
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409 | if cwidth < self.canvwidth or cheight < self.canvheight: |
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410 | self.hscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=1, |
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411 | column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
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412 | self.vscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0, |
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413 | column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
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414 | else: |
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415 | self.hscroll.grid_forget() |
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416 | self.vscroll.grid_forget() |
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417 | |
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418 | def onResize(self, event): |
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419 | """self-explanatory""" |
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420 | self.adjustScrolls() |
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421 | |
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422 | def bbox(self, *args): |
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423 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
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424 | """ |
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425 | return self._canvas.bbox(*args) |
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426 | |
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427 | def cget(self, *args, **kwargs): |
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428 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
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429 | """ |
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430 | return self._canvas.cget(*args, **kwargs) |
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431 | |
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432 | def config(self, *args, **kwargs): |
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433 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
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434 | """ |
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435 | self._canvas.config(*args, **kwargs) |
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436 | |
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437 | def bind(self, *args, **kwargs): |
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438 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
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439 | """ |
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440 | self._canvas.bind(*args, **kwargs) |
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441 | |
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442 | def unbind(self, *args, **kwargs): |
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443 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
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444 | """ |
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445 | self._canvas.unbind(*args, **kwargs) |
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446 | |
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447 | def focus_force(self): |
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448 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
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449 | """ |
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450 | self._canvas.focus_force() |
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451 | |
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452 | __forwardmethods(ScrolledCanvas, TK.Canvas, '_canvas') |
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453 | |
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454 | |
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455 | class _Root(TK.Tk): |
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456 | """Root class for Screen based on Tkinter.""" |
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457 | def __init__(self): |
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458 | TK.Tk.__init__(self) |
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459 | |
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460 | def setupcanvas(self, width, height, cwidth, cheight): |
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461 | self._canvas = ScrolledCanvas(self, width, height, cwidth, cheight) |
---|
462 | self._canvas.pack(expand=1, fill="both") |
---|
463 | |
---|
464 | def _getcanvas(self): |
---|
465 | return self._canvas |
---|
466 | |
---|
467 | def set_geometry(self, width, height, startx, starty): |
---|
468 | self.geometry("%dx%d%+d%+d"%(width, height, startx, starty)) |
---|
469 | |
---|
470 | def ondestroy(self, destroy): |
---|
471 | self.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", destroy) |
---|
472 | |
---|
473 | def win_width(self): |
---|
474 | return self.winfo_screenwidth() |
---|
475 | |
---|
476 | def win_height(self): |
---|
477 | return self.winfo_screenheight() |
---|
478 | |
---|
479 | Canvas = TK.Canvas |
---|
480 | |
---|
481 | |
---|
482 | class TurtleScreenBase(object): |
---|
483 | """Provide the basic graphics functionality. |
---|
484 | Interface between Tkinter and turtle.py. |
---|
485 | |
---|
486 | To port turtle.py to some different graphics toolkit |
---|
487 | a corresponding TurtleScreenBase class has to be implemented. |
---|
488 | """ |
---|
489 | |
---|
490 | @staticmethod |
---|
491 | def _blankimage(): |
---|
492 | """return a blank image object |
---|
493 | """ |
---|
494 | img = TK.PhotoImage(width=1, height=1) |
---|
495 | img.blank() |
---|
496 | return img |
---|
497 | |
---|
498 | @staticmethod |
---|
499 | def _image(filename): |
---|
500 | """return an image object containing the |
---|
501 | imagedata from a gif-file named filename. |
---|
502 | """ |
---|
503 | return TK.PhotoImage(file=filename) |
---|
504 | |
---|
505 | def __init__(self, cv): |
---|
506 | self.cv = cv |
---|
507 | if isinstance(cv, ScrolledCanvas): |
---|
508 | w = self.cv.canvwidth |
---|
509 | h = self.cv.canvheight |
---|
510 | else: # expected: ordinary TK.Canvas |
---|
511 | w = int(self.cv.cget("width")) |
---|
512 | h = int(self.cv.cget("height")) |
---|
513 | self.cv.config(scrollregion = (-w//2, -h//2, w//2, h//2 )) |
---|
514 | self.canvwidth = w |
---|
515 | self.canvheight = h |
---|
516 | self.xscale = self.yscale = 1.0 |
---|
517 | |
---|
518 | def _createpoly(self): |
---|
519 | """Create an invisible polygon item on canvas self.cv) |
---|
520 | """ |
---|
521 | return self.cv.create_polygon((0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), fill="", outline="") |
---|
522 | |
---|
523 | def _drawpoly(self, polyitem, coordlist, fill=None, |
---|
524 | outline=None, width=None, top=False): |
---|
525 | """Configure polygonitem polyitem according to provided |
---|
526 | arguments: |
---|
527 | coordlist is sequence of coordinates |
---|
528 | fill is filling color |
---|
529 | outline is outline color |
---|
530 | top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem |
---|
531 | will be put on top of the canvas' displaylist so it |
---|
532 | will not be covered by other items. |
---|
533 | """ |
---|
534 | cl = [] |
---|
535 | for x, y in coordlist: |
---|
536 | cl.append(x * self.xscale) |
---|
537 | cl.append(-y * self.yscale) |
---|
538 | self.cv.coords(polyitem, *cl) |
---|
539 | if fill is not None: |
---|
540 | self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, fill=fill) |
---|
541 | if outline is not None: |
---|
542 | self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, outline=outline) |
---|
543 | if width is not None: |
---|
544 | self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, width=width) |
---|
545 | if top: |
---|
546 | self.cv.tag_raise(polyitem) |
---|
547 | |
---|
548 | def _createline(self): |
---|
549 | """Create an invisible line item on canvas self.cv) |
---|
550 | """ |
---|
551 | return self.cv.create_line(0, 0, 0, 0, fill="", width=2, |
---|
552 | capstyle = TK.ROUND) |
---|
553 | |
---|
554 | def _drawline(self, lineitem, coordlist=None, |
---|
555 | fill=None, width=None, top=False): |
---|
556 | """Configure lineitem according to provided arguments: |
---|
557 | coordlist is sequence of coordinates |
---|
558 | fill is drawing color |
---|
559 | width is width of drawn line. |
---|
560 | top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem |
---|
561 | will be put on top of the canvas' displaylist so it |
---|
562 | will not be covered by other items. |
---|
563 | """ |
---|
564 | if coordlist is not None: |
---|
565 | cl = [] |
---|
566 | for x, y in coordlist: |
---|
567 | cl.append(x * self.xscale) |
---|
568 | cl.append(-y * self.yscale) |
---|
569 | self.cv.coords(lineitem, *cl) |
---|
570 | if fill is not None: |
---|
571 | self.cv.itemconfigure(lineitem, fill=fill) |
---|
572 | if width is not None: |
---|
573 | self.cv.itemconfigure(lineitem, width=width) |
---|
574 | if top: |
---|
575 | self.cv.tag_raise(lineitem) |
---|
576 | |
---|
577 | def _delete(self, item): |
---|
578 | """Delete graphics item from canvas. |
---|
579 | If item is"all" delete all graphics items. |
---|
580 | """ |
---|
581 | self.cv.delete(item) |
---|
582 | |
---|
583 | def _update(self): |
---|
584 | """Redraw graphics items on canvas |
---|
585 | """ |
---|
586 | self.cv.update() |
---|
587 | |
---|
588 | def _delay(self, delay): |
---|
589 | """Delay subsequent canvas actions for delay ms.""" |
---|
590 | self.cv.after(delay) |
---|
591 | |
---|
592 | def _iscolorstring(self, color): |
---|
593 | """Check if the string color is a legal Tkinter color string. |
---|
594 | """ |
---|
595 | try: |
---|
596 | rgb = self.cv.winfo_rgb(color) |
---|
597 | ok = True |
---|
598 | except TK.TclError: |
---|
599 | ok = False |
---|
600 | return ok |
---|
601 | |
---|
602 | def _bgcolor(self, color=None): |
---|
603 | """Set canvas' backgroundcolor if color is not None, |
---|
604 | else return backgroundcolor.""" |
---|
605 | if color is not None: |
---|
606 | self.cv.config(bg = color) |
---|
607 | self._update() |
---|
608 | else: |
---|
609 | return self.cv.cget("bg") |
---|
610 | |
---|
611 | def _write(self, pos, txt, align, font, pencolor): |
---|
612 | """Write txt at pos in canvas with specified font |
---|
613 | and color. |
---|
614 | Return text item and x-coord of right bottom corner |
---|
615 | of text's bounding box.""" |
---|
616 | x, y = pos |
---|
617 | x = x * self.xscale |
---|
618 | y = y * self.yscale |
---|
619 | anchor = {"left":"sw", "center":"s", "right":"se" } |
---|
620 | item = self.cv.create_text(x-1, -y, text = txt, anchor = anchor[align], |
---|
621 | fill = pencolor, font = font) |
---|
622 | x0, y0, x1, y1 = self.cv.bbox(item) |
---|
623 | self.cv.update() |
---|
624 | return item, x1-1 |
---|
625 | |
---|
626 | ## def _dot(self, pos, size, color): |
---|
627 | ## """may be implemented for some other graphics toolkit""" |
---|
628 | |
---|
629 | def _onclick(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None): |
---|
630 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on turtle. |
---|
631 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates |
---|
632 | of the clicked point on the canvas. |
---|
633 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
---|
634 | """ |
---|
635 | if fun is None: |
---|
636 | self.cv.tag_unbind(item, "<Button-%s>" % num) |
---|
637 | else: |
---|
638 | def eventfun(event): |
---|
639 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
---|
640 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
---|
641 | fun(x, y) |
---|
642 | self.cv.tag_bind(item, "<Button-%s>" % num, eventfun, add) |
---|
643 | |
---|
644 | def _onrelease(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None): |
---|
645 | """Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on turtle. |
---|
646 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates |
---|
647 | of the point on the canvas where mouse button is released. |
---|
648 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
---|
649 | |
---|
650 | If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed, |
---|
651 | then _onscreensclick-event. |
---|
652 | """ |
---|
653 | if fun is None: |
---|
654 | self.cv.tag_unbind(item, "<Button%s-ButtonRelease>" % num) |
---|
655 | else: |
---|
656 | def eventfun(event): |
---|
657 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
---|
658 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
---|
659 | fun(x, y) |
---|
660 | self.cv.tag_bind(item, "<Button%s-ButtonRelease>" % num, |
---|
661 | eventfun, add) |
---|
662 | |
---|
663 | def _ondrag(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None): |
---|
664 | """Bind fun to mouse-move-event (with pressed mouse button) on turtle. |
---|
665 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the |
---|
666 | actual mouse position on the canvas. |
---|
667 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
---|
668 | |
---|
669 | Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a |
---|
670 | mouse-click event on that turtle. |
---|
671 | """ |
---|
672 | if fun is None: |
---|
673 | self.cv.tag_unbind(item, "<Button%s-Motion>" % num) |
---|
674 | else: |
---|
675 | def eventfun(event): |
---|
676 | try: |
---|
677 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
---|
678 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
---|
679 | fun(x, y) |
---|
680 | except: |
---|
681 | pass |
---|
682 | self.cv.tag_bind(item, "<Button%s-Motion>" % num, eventfun, add) |
---|
683 | |
---|
684 | def _onscreenclick(self, fun, num=1, add=None): |
---|
685 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas. |
---|
686 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates |
---|
687 | of the clicked point on the canvas. |
---|
688 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
---|
689 | |
---|
690 | If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed, |
---|
691 | then _onscreensclick-event. |
---|
692 | """ |
---|
693 | if fun is None: |
---|
694 | self.cv.unbind("<Button-%s>" % num) |
---|
695 | else: |
---|
696 | def eventfun(event): |
---|
697 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
---|
698 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
---|
699 | fun(x, y) |
---|
700 | self.cv.bind("<Button-%s>" % num, eventfun, add) |
---|
701 | |
---|
702 | def _onkey(self, fun, key): |
---|
703 | """Bind fun to key-release event of key. |
---|
704 | Canvas must have focus. See method listen |
---|
705 | """ |
---|
706 | if fun is None: |
---|
707 | self.cv.unbind("<KeyRelease-%s>" % key, None) |
---|
708 | else: |
---|
709 | def eventfun(event): |
---|
710 | fun() |
---|
711 | self.cv.bind("<KeyRelease-%s>" % key, eventfun) |
---|
712 | |
---|
713 | def _listen(self): |
---|
714 | """Set focus on canvas (in order to collect key-events) |
---|
715 | """ |
---|
716 | self.cv.focus_force() |
---|
717 | |
---|
718 | def _ontimer(self, fun, t): |
---|
719 | """Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds. |
---|
720 | """ |
---|
721 | if t == 0: |
---|
722 | self.cv.after_idle(fun) |
---|
723 | else: |
---|
724 | self.cv.after(t, fun) |
---|
725 | |
---|
726 | def _createimage(self, image): |
---|
727 | """Create and return image item on canvas. |
---|
728 | """ |
---|
729 | return self.cv.create_image(0, 0, image=image) |
---|
730 | |
---|
731 | def _drawimage(self, item, (x, y), image): |
---|
732 | """Configure image item as to draw image object |
---|
733 | at position (x,y) on canvas) |
---|
734 | """ |
---|
735 | self.cv.coords(item, (x * self.xscale, -y * self.yscale)) |
---|
736 | self.cv.itemconfig(item, image=image) |
---|
737 | |
---|
738 | def _setbgpic(self, item, image): |
---|
739 | """Configure image item as to draw image object |
---|
740 | at center of canvas. Set item to the first item |
---|
741 | in the displaylist, so it will be drawn below |
---|
742 | any other item .""" |
---|
743 | self.cv.itemconfig(item, image=image) |
---|
744 | self.cv.tag_lower(item) |
---|
745 | |
---|
746 | def _type(self, item): |
---|
747 | """Return 'line' or 'polygon' or 'image' depending on |
---|
748 | type of item. |
---|
749 | """ |
---|
750 | return self.cv.type(item) |
---|
751 | |
---|
752 | def _pointlist(self, item): |
---|
753 | """returns list of coordinate-pairs of points of item |
---|
754 | Example (for insiders): |
---|
755 | >>> from turtle import * |
---|
756 | >>> getscreen()._pointlist(getturtle().turtle._item) |
---|
757 | [(0.0, 9.9999999999999982), (0.0, -9.9999999999999982), |
---|
758 | (9.9999999999999982, 0.0)] |
---|
759 | >>> """ |
---|
760 | cl = self.cv.coords(item) |
---|
761 | pl = [(cl[i], -cl[i+1]) for i in range(0, len(cl), 2)] |
---|
762 | return pl |
---|
763 | |
---|
764 | def _setscrollregion(self, srx1, sry1, srx2, sry2): |
---|
765 | self.cv.config(scrollregion=(srx1, sry1, srx2, sry2)) |
---|
766 | |
---|
767 | def _rescale(self, xscalefactor, yscalefactor): |
---|
768 | items = self.cv.find_all() |
---|
769 | for item in items: |
---|
770 | coordinates = self.cv.coords(item) |
---|
771 | newcoordlist = [] |
---|
772 | while coordinates: |
---|
773 | x, y = coordinates[:2] |
---|
774 | newcoordlist.append(x * xscalefactor) |
---|
775 | newcoordlist.append(y * yscalefactor) |
---|
776 | coordinates = coordinates[2:] |
---|
777 | self.cv.coords(item, *newcoordlist) |
---|
778 | |
---|
779 | def _resize(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None): |
---|
780 | """Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Does |
---|
781 | not alter the drawing window. |
---|
782 | """ |
---|
783 | # needs amendment |
---|
784 | if not isinstance(self.cv, ScrolledCanvas): |
---|
785 | return self.canvwidth, self.canvheight |
---|
786 | if canvwidth is canvheight is bg is None: |
---|
787 | return self.cv.canvwidth, self.cv.canvheight |
---|
788 | if canvwidth is not None: |
---|
789 | self.canvwidth = canvwidth |
---|
790 | if canvheight is not None: |
---|
791 | self.canvheight = canvheight |
---|
792 | self.cv.reset(canvwidth, canvheight, bg) |
---|
793 | |
---|
794 | def _window_size(self): |
---|
795 | """ Return the width and height of the turtle window. |
---|
796 | """ |
---|
797 | width = self.cv.winfo_width() |
---|
798 | if width <= 1: # the window isn't managed by a geometry manager |
---|
799 | width = self.cv['width'] |
---|
800 | height = self.cv.winfo_height() |
---|
801 | if height <= 1: # the window isn't managed by a geometry manager |
---|
802 | height = self.cv['height'] |
---|
803 | return width, height |
---|
804 | |
---|
805 | |
---|
806 | ############################################################################## |
---|
807 | ### End of Tkinter - interface ### |
---|
808 | ############################################################################## |
---|
809 | |
---|
810 | |
---|
811 | class Terminator (Exception): |
---|
812 | """Will be raised in TurtleScreen.update, if _RUNNING becomes False. |
---|
813 | |
---|
814 | This stops execution of a turtle graphics script. |
---|
815 | Main purpose: use in the Demo-Viewer turtle.Demo.py. |
---|
816 | """ |
---|
817 | pass |
---|
818 | |
---|
819 | |
---|
820 | class TurtleGraphicsError(Exception): |
---|
821 | """Some TurtleGraphics Error |
---|
822 | """ |
---|
823 | |
---|
824 | |
---|
825 | class Shape(object): |
---|
826 | """Data structure modeling shapes. |
---|
827 | |
---|
828 | attribute _type is one of "polygon", "image", "compound" |
---|
829 | attribute _data is - depending on _type a poygon-tuple, |
---|
830 | an image or a list constructed using the addcomponent method. |
---|
831 | """ |
---|
832 | def __init__(self, type_, data=None): |
---|
833 | self._type = type_ |
---|
834 | if type_ == "polygon": |
---|
835 | if isinstance(data, list): |
---|
836 | data = tuple(data) |
---|
837 | elif type_ == "image": |
---|
838 | if isinstance(data, basestring): |
---|
839 | if data.lower().endswith(".gif") and isfile(data): |
---|
840 | data = TurtleScreen._image(data) |
---|
841 | # else data assumed to be Photoimage |
---|
842 | elif type_ == "compound": |
---|
843 | data = [] |
---|
844 | else: |
---|
845 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("There is no shape type %s" % type_) |
---|
846 | self._data = data |
---|
847 | |
---|
848 | def addcomponent(self, poly, fill, outline=None): |
---|
849 | """Add component to a shape of type compound. |
---|
850 | |
---|
851 | Arguments: poly is a polygon, i. e. a tuple of number pairs. |
---|
852 | fill is the fillcolor of the component, |
---|
853 | outline is the outline color of the component. |
---|
854 | |
---|
855 | call (for a Shapeobject namend s): |
---|
856 | -- s.addcomponent(((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10)), "red", "blue") |
---|
857 | |
---|
858 | Example: |
---|
859 | >>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5)) |
---|
860 | >>> s = Shape("compound") |
---|
861 | >>> s.addcomponent(poly, "red", "blue") |
---|
862 | >>> # .. add more components and then use register_shape() |
---|
863 | """ |
---|
864 | if self._type != "compound": |
---|
865 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("Cannot add component to %s Shape" |
---|
866 | % self._type) |
---|
867 | if outline is None: |
---|
868 | outline = fill |
---|
869 | self._data.append([poly, fill, outline]) |
---|
870 | |
---|
871 | |
---|
872 | class Tbuffer(object): |
---|
873 | """Ring buffer used as undobuffer for RawTurtle objects.""" |
---|
874 | def __init__(self, bufsize=10): |
---|
875 | self.bufsize = bufsize |
---|
876 | self.buffer = [[None]] * bufsize |
---|
877 | self.ptr = -1 |
---|
878 | self.cumulate = False |
---|
879 | def reset(self, bufsize=None): |
---|
880 | if bufsize is None: |
---|
881 | for i in range(self.bufsize): |
---|
882 | self.buffer[i] = [None] |
---|
883 | else: |
---|
884 | self.bufsize = bufsize |
---|
885 | self.buffer = [[None]] * bufsize |
---|
886 | self.ptr = -1 |
---|
887 | def push(self, item): |
---|
888 | if self.bufsize > 0: |
---|
889 | if not self.cumulate: |
---|
890 | self.ptr = (self.ptr + 1) % self.bufsize |
---|
891 | self.buffer[self.ptr] = item |
---|
892 | else: |
---|
893 | self.buffer[self.ptr].append(item) |
---|
894 | def pop(self): |
---|
895 | if self.bufsize > 0: |
---|
896 | item = self.buffer[self.ptr] |
---|
897 | if item is None: |
---|
898 | return None |
---|
899 | else: |
---|
900 | self.buffer[self.ptr] = [None] |
---|
901 | self.ptr = (self.ptr - 1) % self.bufsize |
---|
902 | return (item) |
---|
903 | def nr_of_items(self): |
---|
904 | return self.bufsize - self.buffer.count([None]) |
---|
905 | def __repr__(self): |
---|
906 | return str(self.buffer) + " " + str(self.ptr) |
---|
907 | |
---|
908 | |
---|
909 | |
---|
910 | class TurtleScreen(TurtleScreenBase): |
---|
911 | """Provides screen oriented methods like setbg etc. |
---|
912 | |
---|
913 | Only relies upon the methods of TurtleScreenBase and NOT |
---|
914 | upon components of the underlying graphics toolkit - |
---|
915 | which is Tkinter in this case. |
---|
916 | """ |
---|
917 | # _STANDARD_DELAY = 5 |
---|
918 | _RUNNING = True |
---|
919 | |
---|
920 | def __init__(self, cv, mode=_CFG["mode"], |
---|
921 | colormode=_CFG["colormode"], delay=_CFG["delay"]): |
---|
922 | self._shapes = { |
---|
923 | "arrow" : Shape("polygon", ((-10,0), (10,0), (0,10))), |
---|
924 | "turtle" : Shape("polygon", ((0,16), (-2,14), (-1,10), (-4,7), |
---|
925 | (-7,9), (-9,8), (-6,5), (-7,1), (-5,-3), (-8,-6), |
---|
926 | (-6,-8), (-4,-5), (0,-7), (4,-5), (6,-8), (8,-6), |
---|
927 | (5,-3), (7,1), (6,5), (9,8), (7,9), (4,7), (1,10), |
---|
928 | (2,14))), |
---|
929 | "circle" : Shape("polygon", ((10,0), (9.51,3.09), (8.09,5.88), |
---|
930 | (5.88,8.09), (3.09,9.51), (0,10), (-3.09,9.51), |
---|
931 | (-5.88,8.09), (-8.09,5.88), (-9.51,3.09), (-10,0), |
---|
932 | (-9.51,-3.09), (-8.09,-5.88), (-5.88,-8.09), |
---|
933 | (-3.09,-9.51), (-0.00,-10.00), (3.09,-9.51), |
---|
934 | (5.88,-8.09), (8.09,-5.88), (9.51,-3.09))), |
---|
935 | "square" : Shape("polygon", ((10,-10), (10,10), (-10,10), |
---|
936 | (-10,-10))), |
---|
937 | "triangle" : Shape("polygon", ((10,-5.77), (0,11.55), |
---|
938 | (-10,-5.77))), |
---|
939 | "classic": Shape("polygon", ((0,0),(-5,-9),(0,-7),(5,-9))), |
---|
940 | "blank" : Shape("image", self._blankimage()) |
---|
941 | } |
---|
942 | |
---|
943 | self._bgpics = {"nopic" : ""} |
---|
944 | |
---|
945 | TurtleScreenBase.__init__(self, cv) |
---|
946 | self._mode = mode |
---|
947 | self._delayvalue = delay |
---|
948 | self._colormode = _CFG["colormode"] |
---|
949 | self._keys = [] |
---|
950 | self.clear() |
---|
951 | |
---|
952 | def clear(self): |
---|
953 | """Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. |
---|
954 | |
---|
955 | Reset empty TurtleScreen to its initial state: white background, |
---|
956 | no backgroundimage, no eventbindings and tracing on. |
---|
957 | |
---|
958 | No argument. |
---|
959 | |
---|
960 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
961 | >>> screen.clear() |
---|
962 | |
---|
963 | Note: this method is not available as function. |
---|
964 | """ |
---|
965 | self._delayvalue = _CFG["delay"] |
---|
966 | self._colormode = _CFG["colormode"] |
---|
967 | self._delete("all") |
---|
968 | self._bgpic = self._createimage("") |
---|
969 | self._bgpicname = "nopic" |
---|
970 | self._tracing = 1 |
---|
971 | self._updatecounter = 0 |
---|
972 | self._turtles = [] |
---|
973 | self.bgcolor("white") |
---|
974 | for btn in 1, 2, 3: |
---|
975 | self.onclick(None, btn) |
---|
976 | for key in self._keys[:]: |
---|
977 | self.onkey(None, key) |
---|
978 | Turtle._pen = None |
---|
979 | |
---|
980 | def mode(self, mode=None): |
---|
981 | """Set turtle-mode ('standard', 'logo' or 'world') and perform reset. |
---|
982 | |
---|
983 | Optional argument: |
---|
984 | mode -- on of the strings 'standard', 'logo' or 'world' |
---|
985 | |
---|
986 | Mode 'standard' is compatible with turtle.py. |
---|
987 | Mode 'logo' is compatible with most Logo-Turtle-Graphics. |
---|
988 | Mode 'world' uses userdefined 'worldcoordinates'. *Attention*: in |
---|
989 | this mode angles appear distorted if x/y unit-ratio doesn't equal 1. |
---|
990 | If mode is not given, return the current mode. |
---|
991 | |
---|
992 | Mode Initial turtle heading positive angles |
---|
993 | ------------|-------------------------|------------------- |
---|
994 | 'standard' to the right (east) counterclockwise |
---|
995 | 'logo' upward (north) clockwise |
---|
996 | |
---|
997 | Examples: |
---|
998 | >>> mode('logo') # resets turtle heading to north |
---|
999 | >>> mode() |
---|
1000 | 'logo' |
---|
1001 | """ |
---|
1002 | if mode is None: |
---|
1003 | return self._mode |
---|
1004 | mode = mode.lower() |
---|
1005 | if mode not in ["standard", "logo", "world"]: |
---|
1006 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("No turtle-graphics-mode %s" % mode) |
---|
1007 | self._mode = mode |
---|
1008 | if mode in ["standard", "logo"]: |
---|
1009 | self._setscrollregion(-self.canvwidth//2, -self.canvheight//2, |
---|
1010 | self.canvwidth//2, self.canvheight//2) |
---|
1011 | self.xscale = self.yscale = 1.0 |
---|
1012 | self.reset() |
---|
1013 | |
---|
1014 | def setworldcoordinates(self, llx, lly, urx, ury): |
---|
1015 | """Set up a user defined coordinate-system. |
---|
1016 | |
---|
1017 | Arguments: |
---|
1018 | llx -- a number, x-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas |
---|
1019 | lly -- a number, y-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas |
---|
1020 | urx -- a number, x-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas |
---|
1021 | ury -- a number, y-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas |
---|
1022 | |
---|
1023 | Set up user coodinat-system and switch to mode 'world' if necessary. |
---|
1024 | This performs a screen.reset. If mode 'world' is already active, |
---|
1025 | all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates. |
---|
1026 | |
---|
1027 | But ATTENTION: in user-defined coordinatesystems angles may appear |
---|
1028 | distorted. (see Screen.mode()) |
---|
1029 | |
---|
1030 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1031 | >>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-10,-0.5,50,1.5) |
---|
1032 | >>> for _ in range(36): |
---|
1033 | ... left(10) |
---|
1034 | ... forward(0.5) |
---|
1035 | """ |
---|
1036 | if self.mode() != "world": |
---|
1037 | self.mode("world") |
---|
1038 | xspan = float(urx - llx) |
---|
1039 | yspan = float(ury - lly) |
---|
1040 | wx, wy = self._window_size() |
---|
1041 | self.screensize(wx-20, wy-20) |
---|
1042 | oldxscale, oldyscale = self.xscale, self.yscale |
---|
1043 | self.xscale = self.canvwidth / xspan |
---|
1044 | self.yscale = self.canvheight / yspan |
---|
1045 | srx1 = llx * self.xscale |
---|
1046 | sry1 = -ury * self.yscale |
---|
1047 | srx2 = self.canvwidth + srx1 |
---|
1048 | sry2 = self.canvheight + sry1 |
---|
1049 | self._setscrollregion(srx1, sry1, srx2, sry2) |
---|
1050 | self._rescale(self.xscale/oldxscale, self.yscale/oldyscale) |
---|
1051 | self.update() |
---|
1052 | |
---|
1053 | def register_shape(self, name, shape=None): |
---|
1054 | """Adds a turtle shape to TurtleScreen's shapelist. |
---|
1055 | |
---|
1056 | Arguments: |
---|
1057 | (1) name is the name of a gif-file and shape is None. |
---|
1058 | Installs the corresponding image shape. |
---|
1059 | !! Image-shapes DO NOT rotate when turning the turtle, |
---|
1060 | !! so they do not display the heading of the turtle! |
---|
1061 | (2) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a tuple |
---|
1062 | of pairs of coordinates. Installs the corresponding |
---|
1063 | polygon shape |
---|
1064 | (3) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a |
---|
1065 | (compound) Shape object. Installs the corresponding |
---|
1066 | compound shape. |
---|
1067 | To use a shape, you have to issue the command shape(shapename). |
---|
1068 | |
---|
1069 | call: register_shape("turtle.gif") |
---|
1070 | --or: register_shape("tri", ((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10))) |
---|
1071 | |
---|
1072 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1073 | >>> screen.register_shape("triangle", ((5,-3),(0,5),(-5,-3))) |
---|
1074 | |
---|
1075 | """ |
---|
1076 | if shape is None: |
---|
1077 | # image |
---|
1078 | if name.lower().endswith(".gif"): |
---|
1079 | shape = Shape("image", self._image(name)) |
---|
1080 | else: |
---|
1081 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("Bad arguments for register_shape.\n" |
---|
1082 | + "Use help(register_shape)" ) |
---|
1083 | elif isinstance(shape, tuple): |
---|
1084 | shape = Shape("polygon", shape) |
---|
1085 | ## else shape assumed to be Shape-instance |
---|
1086 | self._shapes[name] = shape |
---|
1087 | # print "shape added:" , self._shapes |
---|
1088 | |
---|
1089 | def _colorstr(self, color): |
---|
1090 | """Return color string corresponding to args. |
---|
1091 | |
---|
1092 | Argument may be a string or a tuple of three |
---|
1093 | numbers corresponding to actual colormode, |
---|
1094 | i.e. in the range 0<=n<=colormode. |
---|
1095 | |
---|
1096 | If the argument doesn't represent a color, |
---|
1097 | an error is raised. |
---|
1098 | """ |
---|
1099 | if len(color) == 1: |
---|
1100 | color = color[0] |
---|
1101 | if isinstance(color, basestring): |
---|
1102 | if self._iscolorstring(color) or color == "": |
---|
1103 | return color |
---|
1104 | else: |
---|
1105 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color string: %s" % str(color)) |
---|
1106 | try: |
---|
1107 | r, g, b = color |
---|
1108 | except: |
---|
1109 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color arguments: %s" % str(color)) |
---|
1110 | if self._colormode == 1.0: |
---|
1111 | r, g, b = [round(255.0*x) for x in (r, g, b)] |
---|
1112 | if not ((0 <= r <= 255) and (0 <= g <= 255) and (0 <= b <= 255)): |
---|
1113 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color sequence: %s" % str(color)) |
---|
1114 | return "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r, g, b) |
---|
1115 | |
---|
1116 | def _color(self, cstr): |
---|
1117 | if not cstr.startswith("#"): |
---|
1118 | return cstr |
---|
1119 | if len(cstr) == 7: |
---|
1120 | cl = [int(cstr[i:i+2], 16) for i in (1, 3, 5)] |
---|
1121 | elif len(cstr) == 4: |
---|
1122 | cl = [16*int(cstr[h], 16) for h in cstr[1:]] |
---|
1123 | else: |
---|
1124 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad colorstring: %s" % cstr) |
---|
1125 | return tuple([c * self._colormode/255 for c in cl]) |
---|
1126 | |
---|
1127 | def colormode(self, cmode=None): |
---|
1128 | """Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255. |
---|
1129 | |
---|
1130 | Optional argument: |
---|
1131 | cmode -- one of the values 1.0 or 255 |
---|
1132 | |
---|
1133 | r, g, b values of colortriples have to be in range 0..cmode. |
---|
1134 | |
---|
1135 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1136 | >>> screen.colormode() |
---|
1137 | 1.0 |
---|
1138 | >>> screen.colormode(255) |
---|
1139 | >>> pencolor(240,160,80) |
---|
1140 | """ |
---|
1141 | if cmode is None: |
---|
1142 | return self._colormode |
---|
1143 | if cmode == 1.0: |
---|
1144 | self._colormode = float(cmode) |
---|
1145 | elif cmode == 255: |
---|
1146 | self._colormode = int(cmode) |
---|
1147 | |
---|
1148 | def reset(self): |
---|
1149 | """Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state. |
---|
1150 | |
---|
1151 | No argument. |
---|
1152 | |
---|
1153 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1154 | >>> screen.reset() |
---|
1155 | """ |
---|
1156 | for turtle in self._turtles: |
---|
1157 | turtle._setmode(self._mode) |
---|
1158 | turtle.reset() |
---|
1159 | |
---|
1160 | def turtles(self): |
---|
1161 | """Return the list of turtles on the screen. |
---|
1162 | |
---|
1163 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1164 | >>> screen.turtles() |
---|
1165 | [<turtle.Turtle object at 0x00E11FB0>] |
---|
1166 | """ |
---|
1167 | return self._turtles |
---|
1168 | |
---|
1169 | def bgcolor(self, *args): |
---|
1170 | """Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen. |
---|
1171 | |
---|
1172 | Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers |
---|
1173 | in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers. |
---|
1174 | |
---|
1175 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1176 | >>> screen.bgcolor("orange") |
---|
1177 | >>> screen.bgcolor() |
---|
1178 | 'orange' |
---|
1179 | >>> screen.bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5) |
---|
1180 | >>> screen.bgcolor() |
---|
1181 | '#800080' |
---|
1182 | """ |
---|
1183 | if args: |
---|
1184 | color = self._colorstr(args) |
---|
1185 | else: |
---|
1186 | color = None |
---|
1187 | color = self._bgcolor(color) |
---|
1188 | if color is not None: |
---|
1189 | color = self._color(color) |
---|
1190 | return color |
---|
1191 | |
---|
1192 | def tracer(self, n=None, delay=None): |
---|
1193 | """Turns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. |
---|
1194 | |
---|
1195 | Optional arguments: |
---|
1196 | n -- nonnegative integer |
---|
1197 | delay -- nonnegative integer |
---|
1198 | |
---|
1199 | If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. |
---|
1200 | (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) |
---|
1201 | Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay()) |
---|
1202 | |
---|
1203 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1204 | >>> screen.tracer(8, 25) |
---|
1205 | >>> dist = 2 |
---|
1206 | >>> for i in range(200): |
---|
1207 | ... fd(dist) |
---|
1208 | ... rt(90) |
---|
1209 | ... dist += 2 |
---|
1210 | """ |
---|
1211 | if n is None: |
---|
1212 | return self._tracing |
---|
1213 | self._tracing = int(n) |
---|
1214 | self._updatecounter = 0 |
---|
1215 | if delay is not None: |
---|
1216 | self._delayvalue = int(delay) |
---|
1217 | if self._tracing: |
---|
1218 | self.update() |
---|
1219 | |
---|
1220 | def delay(self, delay=None): |
---|
1221 | """ Return or set the drawing delay in milliseconds. |
---|
1222 | |
---|
1223 | Optional argument: |
---|
1224 | delay -- positive integer |
---|
1225 | |
---|
1226 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1227 | >>> screen.delay(15) |
---|
1228 | >>> screen.delay() |
---|
1229 | 15 |
---|
1230 | """ |
---|
1231 | if delay is None: |
---|
1232 | return self._delayvalue |
---|
1233 | self._delayvalue = int(delay) |
---|
1234 | |
---|
1235 | def _incrementudc(self): |
---|
1236 | """Increment update counter.""" |
---|
1237 | if not TurtleScreen._RUNNING: |
---|
1238 | TurtleScreen._RUNNING = True |
---|
1239 | raise Terminator |
---|
1240 | if self._tracing > 0: |
---|
1241 | self._updatecounter += 1 |
---|
1242 | self._updatecounter %= self._tracing |
---|
1243 | |
---|
1244 | def update(self): |
---|
1245 | """Perform a TurtleScreen update. |
---|
1246 | """ |
---|
1247 | tracing = self._tracing |
---|
1248 | self._tracing = True |
---|
1249 | for t in self.turtles(): |
---|
1250 | t._update_data() |
---|
1251 | t._drawturtle() |
---|
1252 | self._tracing = tracing |
---|
1253 | self._update() |
---|
1254 | |
---|
1255 | def window_width(self): |
---|
1256 | """ Return the width of the turtle window. |
---|
1257 | |
---|
1258 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1259 | >>> screen.window_width() |
---|
1260 | 640 |
---|
1261 | """ |
---|
1262 | return self._window_size()[0] |
---|
1263 | |
---|
1264 | def window_height(self): |
---|
1265 | """ Return the height of the turtle window. |
---|
1266 | |
---|
1267 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1268 | >>> screen.window_height() |
---|
1269 | 480 |
---|
1270 | """ |
---|
1271 | return self._window_size()[1] |
---|
1272 | |
---|
1273 | def getcanvas(self): |
---|
1274 | """Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen. |
---|
1275 | |
---|
1276 | No argument. |
---|
1277 | |
---|
1278 | Example (for a Screen instance named screen): |
---|
1279 | >>> cv = screen.getcanvas() |
---|
1280 | >>> cv |
---|
1281 | <turtle.ScrolledCanvas instance at 0x010742D8> |
---|
1282 | """ |
---|
1283 | return self.cv |
---|
1284 | |
---|
1285 | def getshapes(self): |
---|
1286 | """Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes. |
---|
1287 | |
---|
1288 | No argument. |
---|
1289 | |
---|
1290 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1291 | >>> screen.getshapes() |
---|
1292 | ['arrow', 'blank', 'circle', ... , 'turtle'] |
---|
1293 | """ |
---|
1294 | return sorted(self._shapes.keys()) |
---|
1295 | |
---|
1296 | def onclick(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
---|
1297 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas. |
---|
1298 | |
---|
1299 | Arguments: |
---|
1300 | fun -- a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the |
---|
1301 | clicked point on the canvas. |
---|
1302 | num -- the number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 |
---|
1303 | |
---|
1304 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen |
---|
1305 | and a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1306 | |
---|
1307 | >>> screen.onclick(goto) |
---|
1308 | >>> # Subsequently clicking into the TurtleScreen will |
---|
1309 | >>> # make the turtle move to the clicked point. |
---|
1310 | >>> screen.onclick(None) |
---|
1311 | """ |
---|
1312 | self._onscreenclick(fun, btn, add) |
---|
1313 | |
---|
1314 | def onkey(self, fun, key): |
---|
1315 | """Bind fun to key-release event of key. |
---|
1316 | |
---|
1317 | Arguments: |
---|
1318 | fun -- a function with no arguments |
---|
1319 | key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space") |
---|
1320 | |
---|
1321 | In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen |
---|
1322 | must have focus. (See method listen.) |
---|
1323 | |
---|
1324 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1325 | |
---|
1326 | >>> def f(): |
---|
1327 | ... fd(50) |
---|
1328 | ... lt(60) |
---|
1329 | ... |
---|
1330 | >>> screen.onkey(f, "Up") |
---|
1331 | >>> screen.listen() |
---|
1332 | |
---|
1333 | Subsequently the turtle can be moved by repeatedly pressing |
---|
1334 | the up-arrow key, consequently drawing a hexagon |
---|
1335 | |
---|
1336 | """ |
---|
1337 | if fun is None: |
---|
1338 | if key in self._keys: |
---|
1339 | self._keys.remove(key) |
---|
1340 | elif key not in self._keys: |
---|
1341 | self._keys.append(key) |
---|
1342 | self._onkey(fun, key) |
---|
1343 | |
---|
1344 | def listen(self, xdummy=None, ydummy=None): |
---|
1345 | """Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events) |
---|
1346 | |
---|
1347 | No arguments. |
---|
1348 | Dummy arguments are provided in order |
---|
1349 | to be able to pass listen to the onclick method. |
---|
1350 | |
---|
1351 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1352 | >>> screen.listen() |
---|
1353 | """ |
---|
1354 | self._listen() |
---|
1355 | |
---|
1356 | def ontimer(self, fun, t=0): |
---|
1357 | """Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds. |
---|
1358 | |
---|
1359 | Arguments: |
---|
1360 | fun -- a function with no arguments. |
---|
1361 | t -- a number >= 0 |
---|
1362 | |
---|
1363 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1364 | |
---|
1365 | >>> running = True |
---|
1366 | >>> def f(): |
---|
1367 | ... if running: |
---|
1368 | ... fd(50) |
---|
1369 | ... lt(60) |
---|
1370 | ... screen.ontimer(f, 250) |
---|
1371 | ... |
---|
1372 | >>> f() # makes the turtle marching around |
---|
1373 | >>> running = False |
---|
1374 | """ |
---|
1375 | self._ontimer(fun, t) |
---|
1376 | |
---|
1377 | def bgpic(self, picname=None): |
---|
1378 | """Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. |
---|
1379 | |
---|
1380 | Optional argument: |
---|
1381 | picname -- a string, name of a gif-file or "nopic". |
---|
1382 | |
---|
1383 | If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background. |
---|
1384 | If picname is "nopic", delete backgroundimage, if present. |
---|
1385 | If picname is None, return the filename of the current backgroundimage. |
---|
1386 | |
---|
1387 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
1388 | >>> screen.bgpic() |
---|
1389 | 'nopic' |
---|
1390 | >>> screen.bgpic("landscape.gif") |
---|
1391 | >>> screen.bgpic() |
---|
1392 | 'landscape.gif' |
---|
1393 | """ |
---|
1394 | if picname is None: |
---|
1395 | return self._bgpicname |
---|
1396 | if picname not in self._bgpics: |
---|
1397 | self._bgpics[picname] = self._image(picname) |
---|
1398 | self._setbgpic(self._bgpic, self._bgpics[picname]) |
---|
1399 | self._bgpicname = picname |
---|
1400 | |
---|
1401 | def screensize(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None): |
---|
1402 | """Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. |
---|
1403 | |
---|
1404 | Optional arguments: |
---|
1405 | canvwidth -- positive integer, new width of canvas in pixels |
---|
1406 | canvheight -- positive integer, new height of canvas in pixels |
---|
1407 | bg -- colorstring or color-tuple, new backgroundcolor |
---|
1408 | If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight) |
---|
1409 | |
---|
1410 | Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of |
---|
1411 | the canvas use the scrollbars. (Can make visible those parts |
---|
1412 | of a drawing, which were outside the canvas before!) |
---|
1413 | |
---|
1414 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1415 | >>> turtle.screensize(2000,1500) |
---|
1416 | >>> # e. g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-) |
---|
1417 | """ |
---|
1418 | return self._resize(canvwidth, canvheight, bg) |
---|
1419 | |
---|
1420 | onscreenclick = onclick |
---|
1421 | resetscreen = reset |
---|
1422 | clearscreen = clear |
---|
1423 | addshape = register_shape |
---|
1424 | |
---|
1425 | class TNavigator(object): |
---|
1426 | """Navigation part of the RawTurtle. |
---|
1427 | Implements methods for turtle movement. |
---|
1428 | """ |
---|
1429 | START_ORIENTATION = { |
---|
1430 | "standard": Vec2D(1.0, 0.0), |
---|
1431 | "world" : Vec2D(1.0, 0.0), |
---|
1432 | "logo" : Vec2D(0.0, 1.0) } |
---|
1433 | DEFAULT_MODE = "standard" |
---|
1434 | DEFAULT_ANGLEOFFSET = 0 |
---|
1435 | DEFAULT_ANGLEORIENT = 1 |
---|
1436 | |
---|
1437 | def __init__(self, mode=DEFAULT_MODE): |
---|
1438 | self._angleOffset = self.DEFAULT_ANGLEOFFSET |
---|
1439 | self._angleOrient = self.DEFAULT_ANGLEORIENT |
---|
1440 | self._mode = mode |
---|
1441 | self.undobuffer = None |
---|
1442 | self.degrees() |
---|
1443 | self._mode = None |
---|
1444 | self._setmode(mode) |
---|
1445 | TNavigator.reset(self) |
---|
1446 | |
---|
1447 | def reset(self): |
---|
1448 | """reset turtle to its initial values |
---|
1449 | |
---|
1450 | Will be overwritten by parent class |
---|
1451 | """ |
---|
1452 | self._position = Vec2D(0.0, 0.0) |
---|
1453 | self._orient = TNavigator.START_ORIENTATION[self._mode] |
---|
1454 | |
---|
1455 | def _setmode(self, mode=None): |
---|
1456 | """Set turtle-mode to 'standard', 'world' or 'logo'. |
---|
1457 | """ |
---|
1458 | if mode is None: |
---|
1459 | return self._mode |
---|
1460 | if mode not in ["standard", "logo", "world"]: |
---|
1461 | return |
---|
1462 | self._mode = mode |
---|
1463 | if mode in ["standard", "world"]: |
---|
1464 | self._angleOffset = 0 |
---|
1465 | self._angleOrient = 1 |
---|
1466 | else: # mode == "logo": |
---|
1467 | self._angleOffset = self._fullcircle/4. |
---|
1468 | self._angleOrient = -1 |
---|
1469 | |
---|
1470 | def _setDegreesPerAU(self, fullcircle): |
---|
1471 | """Helper function for degrees() and radians()""" |
---|
1472 | self._fullcircle = fullcircle |
---|
1473 | self._degreesPerAU = 360/fullcircle |
---|
1474 | if self._mode == "standard": |
---|
1475 | self._angleOffset = 0 |
---|
1476 | else: |
---|
1477 | self._angleOffset = fullcircle/4. |
---|
1478 | |
---|
1479 | def degrees(self, fullcircle=360.0): |
---|
1480 | """ Set angle measurement units to degrees. |
---|
1481 | |
---|
1482 | Optional argument: |
---|
1483 | fullcircle - a number |
---|
1484 | |
---|
1485 | Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number |
---|
1486 | of 'degrees' for a full circle. Dafault value is |
---|
1487 | 360 degrees. |
---|
1488 | |
---|
1489 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1490 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
1491 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1492 | 90 |
---|
1493 | |
---|
1494 | Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon, |
---|
1495 | grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.) |
---|
1496 | >>> turtle.degrees(400.0) |
---|
1497 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1498 | 100 |
---|
1499 | |
---|
1500 | """ |
---|
1501 | self._setDegreesPerAU(fullcircle) |
---|
1502 | |
---|
1503 | def radians(self): |
---|
1504 | """ Set the angle measurement units to radians. |
---|
1505 | |
---|
1506 | No arguments. |
---|
1507 | |
---|
1508 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1509 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1510 | 90 |
---|
1511 | >>> turtle.radians() |
---|
1512 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1513 | 1.5707963267948966 |
---|
1514 | """ |
---|
1515 | self._setDegreesPerAU(2*math.pi) |
---|
1516 | |
---|
1517 | def _go(self, distance): |
---|
1518 | """move turtle forward by specified distance""" |
---|
1519 | ende = self._position + self._orient * distance |
---|
1520 | self._goto(ende) |
---|
1521 | |
---|
1522 | def _rotate(self, angle): |
---|
1523 | """Turn turtle counterclockwise by specified angle if angle > 0.""" |
---|
1524 | angle *= self._degreesPerAU |
---|
1525 | self._orient = self._orient.rotate(angle) |
---|
1526 | |
---|
1527 | def _goto(self, end): |
---|
1528 | """move turtle to position end.""" |
---|
1529 | self._position = end |
---|
1530 | |
---|
1531 | def forward(self, distance): |
---|
1532 | """Move the turtle forward by the specified distance. |
---|
1533 | |
---|
1534 | Aliases: forward | fd |
---|
1535 | |
---|
1536 | Argument: |
---|
1537 | distance -- a number (integer or float) |
---|
1538 | |
---|
1539 | Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction |
---|
1540 | the turtle is headed. |
---|
1541 | |
---|
1542 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1543 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1544 | (0.00, 0.00) |
---|
1545 | >>> turtle.forward(25) |
---|
1546 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1547 | (25.00,0.00) |
---|
1548 | >>> turtle.forward(-75) |
---|
1549 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1550 | (-50.00,0.00) |
---|
1551 | """ |
---|
1552 | self._go(distance) |
---|
1553 | |
---|
1554 | def back(self, distance): |
---|
1555 | """Move the turtle backward by distance. |
---|
1556 | |
---|
1557 | Aliases: back | backward | bk |
---|
1558 | |
---|
1559 | Argument: |
---|
1560 | distance -- a number |
---|
1561 | |
---|
1562 | Move the turtle backward by distance ,opposite to the direction the |
---|
1563 | turtle is headed. Do not change the turtle's heading. |
---|
1564 | |
---|
1565 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1566 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1567 | (0.00, 0.00) |
---|
1568 | >>> turtle.backward(30) |
---|
1569 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1570 | (-30.00, 0.00) |
---|
1571 | """ |
---|
1572 | self._go(-distance) |
---|
1573 | |
---|
1574 | def right(self, angle): |
---|
1575 | """Turn turtle right by angle units. |
---|
1576 | |
---|
1577 | Aliases: right | rt |
---|
1578 | |
---|
1579 | Argument: |
---|
1580 | angle -- a number (integer or float) |
---|
1581 | |
---|
1582 | Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, |
---|
1583 | but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) |
---|
1584 | Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.) |
---|
1585 | |
---|
1586 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1587 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1588 | 22.0 |
---|
1589 | >>> turtle.right(45) |
---|
1590 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1591 | 337.0 |
---|
1592 | """ |
---|
1593 | self._rotate(-angle) |
---|
1594 | |
---|
1595 | def left(self, angle): |
---|
1596 | """Turn turtle left by angle units. |
---|
1597 | |
---|
1598 | Aliases: left | lt |
---|
1599 | |
---|
1600 | Argument: |
---|
1601 | angle -- a number (integer or float) |
---|
1602 | |
---|
1603 | Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, |
---|
1604 | but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) |
---|
1605 | Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.) |
---|
1606 | |
---|
1607 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1608 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1609 | 22.0 |
---|
1610 | >>> turtle.left(45) |
---|
1611 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1612 | 67.0 |
---|
1613 | """ |
---|
1614 | self._rotate(angle) |
---|
1615 | |
---|
1616 | def pos(self): |
---|
1617 | """Return the turtle's current location (x,y), as a Vec2D-vector. |
---|
1618 | |
---|
1619 | Aliases: pos | position |
---|
1620 | |
---|
1621 | No arguments. |
---|
1622 | |
---|
1623 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1624 | >>> turtle.pos() |
---|
1625 | (0.00, 240.00) |
---|
1626 | """ |
---|
1627 | return self._position |
---|
1628 | |
---|
1629 | def xcor(self): |
---|
1630 | """ Return the turtle's x coordinate. |
---|
1631 | |
---|
1632 | No arguments. |
---|
1633 | |
---|
1634 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1635 | >>> reset() |
---|
1636 | >>> turtle.left(60) |
---|
1637 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
1638 | >>> print turtle.xcor() |
---|
1639 | 50.0 |
---|
1640 | """ |
---|
1641 | return self._position[0] |
---|
1642 | |
---|
1643 | def ycor(self): |
---|
1644 | """ Return the turtle's y coordinate |
---|
1645 | --- |
---|
1646 | No arguments. |
---|
1647 | |
---|
1648 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1649 | >>> reset() |
---|
1650 | >>> turtle.left(60) |
---|
1651 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
1652 | >>> print turtle.ycor() |
---|
1653 | 86.6025403784 |
---|
1654 | """ |
---|
1655 | return self._position[1] |
---|
1656 | |
---|
1657 | |
---|
1658 | def goto(self, x, y=None): |
---|
1659 | """Move turtle to an absolute position. |
---|
1660 | |
---|
1661 | Aliases: setpos | setposition | goto: |
---|
1662 | |
---|
1663 | Arguments: |
---|
1664 | x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers |
---|
1665 | y -- a number None |
---|
1666 | |
---|
1667 | call: goto(x, y) # two coordinates |
---|
1668 | --or: goto((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates |
---|
1669 | --or: goto(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() |
---|
1670 | |
---|
1671 | Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, |
---|
1672 | a line will be drawn. The turtle's orientation does not change. |
---|
1673 | |
---|
1674 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1675 | >>> tp = turtle.pos() |
---|
1676 | >>> tp |
---|
1677 | (0.00, 0.00) |
---|
1678 | >>> turtle.setpos(60,30) |
---|
1679 | >>> turtle.pos() |
---|
1680 | (60.00,30.00) |
---|
1681 | >>> turtle.setpos((20,80)) |
---|
1682 | >>> turtle.pos() |
---|
1683 | (20.00,80.00) |
---|
1684 | >>> turtle.setpos(tp) |
---|
1685 | >>> turtle.pos() |
---|
1686 | (0.00,0.00) |
---|
1687 | """ |
---|
1688 | if y is None: |
---|
1689 | self._goto(Vec2D(*x)) |
---|
1690 | else: |
---|
1691 | self._goto(Vec2D(x, y)) |
---|
1692 | |
---|
1693 | def home(self): |
---|
1694 | """Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0). |
---|
1695 | |
---|
1696 | No arguments. |
---|
1697 | |
---|
1698 | Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) and set its |
---|
1699 | heading to its start-orientation (which depends on mode). |
---|
1700 | |
---|
1701 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1702 | >>> turtle.home() |
---|
1703 | """ |
---|
1704 | self.goto(0, 0) |
---|
1705 | self.setheading(0) |
---|
1706 | |
---|
1707 | def setx(self, x): |
---|
1708 | """Set the turtle's first coordinate to x |
---|
1709 | |
---|
1710 | Argument: |
---|
1711 | x -- a number (integer or float) |
---|
1712 | |
---|
1713 | Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate |
---|
1714 | unchanged. |
---|
1715 | |
---|
1716 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1717 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1718 | (0.00, 240.00) |
---|
1719 | >>> turtle.setx(10) |
---|
1720 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1721 | (10.00, 240.00) |
---|
1722 | """ |
---|
1723 | self._goto(Vec2D(x, self._position[1])) |
---|
1724 | |
---|
1725 | def sety(self, y): |
---|
1726 | """Set the turtle's second coordinate to y |
---|
1727 | |
---|
1728 | Argument: |
---|
1729 | y -- a number (integer or float) |
---|
1730 | |
---|
1731 | Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, second coordinate remains |
---|
1732 | unchanged. |
---|
1733 | |
---|
1734 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1735 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1736 | (0.00, 40.00) |
---|
1737 | >>> turtle.sety(-10) |
---|
1738 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
1739 | (0.00, -10.00) |
---|
1740 | """ |
---|
1741 | self._goto(Vec2D(self._position[0], y)) |
---|
1742 | |
---|
1743 | def distance(self, x, y=None): |
---|
1744 | """Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) in turtle step units. |
---|
1745 | |
---|
1746 | Arguments: |
---|
1747 | x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance |
---|
1748 | y -- a number None None |
---|
1749 | |
---|
1750 | call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates |
---|
1751 | --or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates |
---|
1752 | --or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() |
---|
1753 | --or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle |
---|
1754 | |
---|
1755 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1756 | >>> turtle.pos() |
---|
1757 | (0.00, 0.00) |
---|
1758 | >>> turtle.distance(30,40) |
---|
1759 | 50.0 |
---|
1760 | >>> pen = Turtle() |
---|
1761 | >>> pen.forward(77) |
---|
1762 | >>> turtle.distance(pen) |
---|
1763 | 77.0 |
---|
1764 | """ |
---|
1765 | if y is not None: |
---|
1766 | pos = Vec2D(x, y) |
---|
1767 | if isinstance(x, Vec2D): |
---|
1768 | pos = x |
---|
1769 | elif isinstance(x, tuple): |
---|
1770 | pos = Vec2D(*x) |
---|
1771 | elif isinstance(x, TNavigator): |
---|
1772 | pos = x._position |
---|
1773 | return abs(pos - self._position) |
---|
1774 | |
---|
1775 | def towards(self, x, y=None): |
---|
1776 | """Return the angle of the line from the turtle's position to (x, y). |
---|
1777 | |
---|
1778 | Arguments: |
---|
1779 | x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance |
---|
1780 | y -- a number None None |
---|
1781 | |
---|
1782 | call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates |
---|
1783 | --or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates |
---|
1784 | --or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() |
---|
1785 | --or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle |
---|
1786 | |
---|
1787 | Return the angle, between the line from turtle-position to position |
---|
1788 | specified by x, y and the turtle's start orientation. (Depends on |
---|
1789 | modes - "standard" or "logo") |
---|
1790 | |
---|
1791 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1792 | >>> turtle.pos() |
---|
1793 | (10.00, 10.00) |
---|
1794 | >>> turtle.towards(0,0) |
---|
1795 | 225.0 |
---|
1796 | """ |
---|
1797 | if y is not None: |
---|
1798 | pos = Vec2D(x, y) |
---|
1799 | if isinstance(x, Vec2D): |
---|
1800 | pos = x |
---|
1801 | elif isinstance(x, tuple): |
---|
1802 | pos = Vec2D(*x) |
---|
1803 | elif isinstance(x, TNavigator): |
---|
1804 | pos = x._position |
---|
1805 | x, y = pos - self._position |
---|
1806 | result = round(math.atan2(y, x)*180.0/math.pi, 10) % 360.0 |
---|
1807 | result /= self._degreesPerAU |
---|
1808 | return (self._angleOffset + self._angleOrient*result) % self._fullcircle |
---|
1809 | |
---|
1810 | def heading(self): |
---|
1811 | """ Return the turtle's current heading. |
---|
1812 | |
---|
1813 | No arguments. |
---|
1814 | |
---|
1815 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1816 | >>> turtle.left(67) |
---|
1817 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1818 | 67.0 |
---|
1819 | """ |
---|
1820 | x, y = self._orient |
---|
1821 | result = round(math.atan2(y, x)*180.0/math.pi, 10) % 360.0 |
---|
1822 | result /= self._degreesPerAU |
---|
1823 | return (self._angleOffset + self._angleOrient*result) % self._fullcircle |
---|
1824 | |
---|
1825 | def setheading(self, to_angle): |
---|
1826 | """Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. |
---|
1827 | |
---|
1828 | Aliases: setheading | seth |
---|
1829 | |
---|
1830 | Argument: |
---|
1831 | to_angle -- a number (integer or float) |
---|
1832 | |
---|
1833 | Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. |
---|
1834 | Here are some common directions in degrees: |
---|
1835 | |
---|
1836 | standard - mode: logo-mode: |
---|
1837 | -------------------|-------------------- |
---|
1838 | 0 - east 0 - north |
---|
1839 | 90 - north 90 - east |
---|
1840 | 180 - west 180 - south |
---|
1841 | 270 - south 270 - west |
---|
1842 | |
---|
1843 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1844 | >>> turtle.setheading(90) |
---|
1845 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
1846 | 90 |
---|
1847 | """ |
---|
1848 | angle = (to_angle - self.heading())*self._angleOrient |
---|
1849 | full = self._fullcircle |
---|
1850 | angle = (angle+full/2.)%full - full/2. |
---|
1851 | self._rotate(angle) |
---|
1852 | |
---|
1853 | def circle(self, radius, extent = None, steps = None): |
---|
1854 | """ Draw a circle with given radius. |
---|
1855 | |
---|
1856 | Arguments: |
---|
1857 | radius -- a number |
---|
1858 | extent (optional) -- a number |
---|
1859 | steps (optional) -- an integer |
---|
1860 | |
---|
1861 | Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left |
---|
1862 | of the turtle; extent - an angle - determines which part of the |
---|
1863 | circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle. |
---|
1864 | If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the |
---|
1865 | current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction |
---|
1866 | if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally |
---|
1867 | the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent. |
---|
1868 | |
---|
1869 | As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon, |
---|
1870 | steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given, |
---|
1871 | it will be calculated automatically. Maybe used to draw regular |
---|
1872 | polygons. |
---|
1873 | |
---|
1874 | call: circle(radius) # full circle |
---|
1875 | --or: circle(radius, extent) # arc |
---|
1876 | --or: circle(radius, extent, steps) |
---|
1877 | --or: circle(radius, steps=6) # 6-sided polygon |
---|
1878 | |
---|
1879 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1880 | >>> turtle.circle(50) |
---|
1881 | >>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # semicircle |
---|
1882 | """ |
---|
1883 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
1884 | self.undobuffer.push(["seq"]) |
---|
1885 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = True |
---|
1886 | speed = self.speed() |
---|
1887 | if extent is None: |
---|
1888 | extent = self._fullcircle |
---|
1889 | if steps is None: |
---|
1890 | frac = abs(extent)/self._fullcircle |
---|
1891 | steps = 1+int(min(11+abs(radius)/6.0, 59.0)*frac) |
---|
1892 | w = 1.0 * extent / steps |
---|
1893 | w2 = 0.5 * w |
---|
1894 | l = 2.0 * radius * math.sin(w2*math.pi/180.0*self._degreesPerAU) |
---|
1895 | if radius < 0: |
---|
1896 | l, w, w2 = -l, -w, -w2 |
---|
1897 | tr = self.tracer() |
---|
1898 | dl = self._delay() |
---|
1899 | if speed == 0: |
---|
1900 | self.tracer(0, 0) |
---|
1901 | else: |
---|
1902 | self.speed(0) |
---|
1903 | self._rotate(w2) |
---|
1904 | for i in range(steps): |
---|
1905 | self.speed(speed) |
---|
1906 | self._go(l) |
---|
1907 | self.speed(0) |
---|
1908 | self._rotate(w) |
---|
1909 | self._rotate(-w2) |
---|
1910 | if speed == 0: |
---|
1911 | self.tracer(tr, dl) |
---|
1912 | self.speed(speed) |
---|
1913 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
1914 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = False |
---|
1915 | |
---|
1916 | ## three dummy methods to be implemented by child class: |
---|
1917 | |
---|
1918 | def speed(self, s=0): |
---|
1919 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
---|
1920 | def tracer(self, a=None, b=None): |
---|
1921 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
---|
1922 | def _delay(self, n=None): |
---|
1923 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
---|
1924 | |
---|
1925 | fd = forward |
---|
1926 | bk = back |
---|
1927 | backward = back |
---|
1928 | rt = right |
---|
1929 | lt = left |
---|
1930 | position = pos |
---|
1931 | setpos = goto |
---|
1932 | setposition = goto |
---|
1933 | seth = setheading |
---|
1934 | |
---|
1935 | |
---|
1936 | class TPen(object): |
---|
1937 | """Drawing part of the RawTurtle. |
---|
1938 | Implements drawing properties. |
---|
1939 | """ |
---|
1940 | def __init__(self, resizemode=_CFG["resizemode"]): |
---|
1941 | self._resizemode = resizemode # or "user" or "noresize" |
---|
1942 | self.undobuffer = None |
---|
1943 | TPen._reset(self) |
---|
1944 | |
---|
1945 | def _reset(self, pencolor=_CFG["pencolor"], |
---|
1946 | fillcolor=_CFG["fillcolor"]): |
---|
1947 | self._pensize = 1 |
---|
1948 | self._shown = True |
---|
1949 | self._pencolor = pencolor |
---|
1950 | self._fillcolor = fillcolor |
---|
1951 | self._drawing = True |
---|
1952 | self._speed = 3 |
---|
1953 | self._stretchfactor = (1, 1) |
---|
1954 | self._tilt = 0 |
---|
1955 | self._outlinewidth = 1 |
---|
1956 | ### self.screen = None # to override by child class |
---|
1957 | |
---|
1958 | def resizemode(self, rmode=None): |
---|
1959 | """Set resizemode to one of the values: "auto", "user", "noresize". |
---|
1960 | |
---|
1961 | (Optional) Argument: |
---|
1962 | rmode -- one of the strings "auto", "user", "noresize" |
---|
1963 | |
---|
1964 | Different resizemodes have the following effects: |
---|
1965 | - "auto" adapts the appearance of the turtle |
---|
1966 | corresponding to the value of pensize. |
---|
1967 | - "user" adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the |
---|
1968 | values of stretchfactor and outlinewidth (outline), |
---|
1969 | which are set by shapesize() |
---|
1970 | - "noresize" no adaption of the turtle's appearance takes place. |
---|
1971 | If no argument is given, return current resizemode. |
---|
1972 | resizemode("user") is called by a call of shapesize with arguments. |
---|
1973 | |
---|
1974 | |
---|
1975 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
1976 | >>> turtle.resizemode("noresize") |
---|
1977 | >>> turtle.resizemode() |
---|
1978 | 'noresize' |
---|
1979 | """ |
---|
1980 | if rmode is None: |
---|
1981 | return self._resizemode |
---|
1982 | rmode = rmode.lower() |
---|
1983 | if rmode in ["auto", "user", "noresize"]: |
---|
1984 | self.pen(resizemode=rmode) |
---|
1985 | |
---|
1986 | def pensize(self, width=None): |
---|
1987 | """Set or return the line thickness. |
---|
1988 | |
---|
1989 | Aliases: pensize | width |
---|
1990 | |
---|
1991 | Argument: |
---|
1992 | width -- positive number |
---|
1993 | |
---|
1994 | Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set |
---|
1995 | to "auto" and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with |
---|
1996 | the same line thickness. If no argument is given, current pensize |
---|
1997 | is returned. |
---|
1998 | |
---|
1999 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2000 | >>> turtle.pensize() |
---|
2001 | 1 |
---|
2002 | >>> turtle.pensize(10) # from here on lines of width 10 are drawn |
---|
2003 | """ |
---|
2004 | if width is None: |
---|
2005 | return self._pensize |
---|
2006 | self.pen(pensize=width) |
---|
2007 | |
---|
2008 | |
---|
2009 | def penup(self): |
---|
2010 | """Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving. |
---|
2011 | |
---|
2012 | Aliases: penup | pu | up |
---|
2013 | |
---|
2014 | No argument |
---|
2015 | |
---|
2016 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2017 | >>> turtle.penup() |
---|
2018 | """ |
---|
2019 | if not self._drawing: |
---|
2020 | return |
---|
2021 | self.pen(pendown=False) |
---|
2022 | |
---|
2023 | def pendown(self): |
---|
2024 | """Pull the pen down -- drawing when moving. |
---|
2025 | |
---|
2026 | Aliases: pendown | pd | down |
---|
2027 | |
---|
2028 | No argument. |
---|
2029 | |
---|
2030 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2031 | >>> turtle.pendown() |
---|
2032 | """ |
---|
2033 | if self._drawing: |
---|
2034 | return |
---|
2035 | self.pen(pendown=True) |
---|
2036 | |
---|
2037 | def isdown(self): |
---|
2038 | """Return True if pen is down, False if it's up. |
---|
2039 | |
---|
2040 | No argument. |
---|
2041 | |
---|
2042 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2043 | >>> turtle.penup() |
---|
2044 | >>> turtle.isdown() |
---|
2045 | False |
---|
2046 | >>> turtle.pendown() |
---|
2047 | >>> turtle.isdown() |
---|
2048 | True |
---|
2049 | """ |
---|
2050 | return self._drawing |
---|
2051 | |
---|
2052 | def speed(self, speed=None): |
---|
2053 | """ Return or set the turtle's speed. |
---|
2054 | |
---|
2055 | Optional argument: |
---|
2056 | speed -- an integer in the range 0..10 or a speedstring (see below) |
---|
2057 | |
---|
2058 | Set the turtle's speed to an integer value in the range 0 .. 10. |
---|
2059 | If no argument is given: return current speed. |
---|
2060 | |
---|
2061 | If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5, |
---|
2062 | speed is set to 0. |
---|
2063 | Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues in the following way: |
---|
2064 | 'fastest' : 0 |
---|
2065 | 'fast' : 10 |
---|
2066 | 'normal' : 6 |
---|
2067 | 'slow' : 3 |
---|
2068 | 'slowest' : 1 |
---|
2069 | speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of |
---|
2070 | line drawing and turtle turning. |
---|
2071 | |
---|
2072 | Attention: |
---|
2073 | speed = 0 : *no* animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump |
---|
2074 | and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly. |
---|
2075 | |
---|
2076 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2077 | >>> turtle.speed(3) |
---|
2078 | """ |
---|
2079 | speeds = {'fastest':0, 'fast':10, 'normal':6, 'slow':3, 'slowest':1 } |
---|
2080 | if speed is None: |
---|
2081 | return self._speed |
---|
2082 | if speed in speeds: |
---|
2083 | speed = speeds[speed] |
---|
2084 | elif 0.5 < speed < 10.5: |
---|
2085 | speed = int(round(speed)) |
---|
2086 | else: |
---|
2087 | speed = 0 |
---|
2088 | self.pen(speed=speed) |
---|
2089 | |
---|
2090 | def color(self, *args): |
---|
2091 | """Return or set the pencolor and fillcolor. |
---|
2092 | |
---|
2093 | Arguments: |
---|
2094 | Several input formats are allowed. |
---|
2095 | They use 0, 1, 2, or 3 arguments as follows: |
---|
2096 | |
---|
2097 | color() |
---|
2098 | Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor |
---|
2099 | as a pair of color specification strings as are returned |
---|
2100 | by pencolor and fillcolor. |
---|
2101 | color(colorstring), color((r,g,b)), color(r,g,b) |
---|
2102 | inputs as in pencolor, set both, fillcolor and pencolor, |
---|
2103 | to the given value. |
---|
2104 | color(colorstring1, colorstring2), |
---|
2105 | color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2)) |
---|
2106 | equivalent to pencolor(colorstring1) and fillcolor(colorstring2) |
---|
2107 | and analogously, if the other input format is used. |
---|
2108 | |
---|
2109 | If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon |
---|
2110 | is drawn with the newly set colors. |
---|
2111 | For mor info see: pencolor, fillcolor |
---|
2112 | |
---|
2113 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2114 | >>> turtle.color('red', 'green') |
---|
2115 | >>> turtle.color() |
---|
2116 | ('red', 'green') |
---|
2117 | >>> colormode(255) |
---|
2118 | >>> color((40, 80, 120), (160, 200, 240)) |
---|
2119 | >>> color() |
---|
2120 | ('#285078', '#a0c8f0') |
---|
2121 | """ |
---|
2122 | if args: |
---|
2123 | l = len(args) |
---|
2124 | if l == 1: |
---|
2125 | pcolor = fcolor = args[0] |
---|
2126 | elif l == 2: |
---|
2127 | pcolor, fcolor = args |
---|
2128 | elif l == 3: |
---|
2129 | pcolor = fcolor = args |
---|
2130 | pcolor = self._colorstr(pcolor) |
---|
2131 | fcolor = self._colorstr(fcolor) |
---|
2132 | self.pen(pencolor=pcolor, fillcolor=fcolor) |
---|
2133 | else: |
---|
2134 | return self._color(self._pencolor), self._color(self._fillcolor) |
---|
2135 | |
---|
2136 | def pencolor(self, *args): |
---|
2137 | """ Return or set the pencolor. |
---|
2138 | |
---|
2139 | Arguments: |
---|
2140 | Four input formats are allowed: |
---|
2141 | - pencolor() |
---|
2142 | Return the current pencolor as color specification string, |
---|
2143 | possibly in hex-number format (see example). |
---|
2144 | May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call. |
---|
2145 | - pencolor(colorstring) |
---|
2146 | s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow" |
---|
2147 | - pencolor((r, g, b)) |
---|
2148 | *a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color, |
---|
2149 | and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode, |
---|
2150 | where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 |
---|
2151 | - pencolor(r, g, b) |
---|
2152 | r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b |
---|
2153 | are in the range 0..colormode |
---|
2154 | |
---|
2155 | If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn |
---|
2156 | with the newly set pencolor. |
---|
2157 | |
---|
2158 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2159 | >>> turtle.pencolor('brown') |
---|
2160 | >>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55) |
---|
2161 | >>> turtle.pencolor(tup) |
---|
2162 | >>> turtle.pencolor() |
---|
2163 | '#33cc8c' |
---|
2164 | """ |
---|
2165 | if args: |
---|
2166 | color = self._colorstr(args) |
---|
2167 | if color == self._pencolor: |
---|
2168 | return |
---|
2169 | self.pen(pencolor=color) |
---|
2170 | else: |
---|
2171 | return self._color(self._pencolor) |
---|
2172 | |
---|
2173 | def fillcolor(self, *args): |
---|
2174 | """ Return or set the fillcolor. |
---|
2175 | |
---|
2176 | Arguments: |
---|
2177 | Four input formats are allowed: |
---|
2178 | - fillcolor() |
---|
2179 | Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, |
---|
2180 | possibly in hex-number format (see example). |
---|
2181 | May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call. |
---|
2182 | - fillcolor(colorstring) |
---|
2183 | s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow" |
---|
2184 | - fillcolor((r, g, b)) |
---|
2185 | *a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color, |
---|
2186 | and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode, |
---|
2187 | where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 |
---|
2188 | - fillcolor(r, g, b) |
---|
2189 | r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b |
---|
2190 | are in the range 0..colormode |
---|
2191 | |
---|
2192 | If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn |
---|
2193 | with the newly set fillcolor. |
---|
2194 | |
---|
2195 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2196 | >>> turtle.fillcolor('violet') |
---|
2197 | >>> col = turtle.pencolor() |
---|
2198 | >>> turtle.fillcolor(col) |
---|
2199 | >>> turtle.fillcolor(0, .5, 0) |
---|
2200 | """ |
---|
2201 | if args: |
---|
2202 | color = self._colorstr(args) |
---|
2203 | if color == self._fillcolor: |
---|
2204 | return |
---|
2205 | self.pen(fillcolor=color) |
---|
2206 | else: |
---|
2207 | return self._color(self._fillcolor) |
---|
2208 | |
---|
2209 | def showturtle(self): |
---|
2210 | """Makes the turtle visible. |
---|
2211 | |
---|
2212 | Aliases: showturtle | st |
---|
2213 | |
---|
2214 | No argument. |
---|
2215 | |
---|
2216 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2217 | >>> turtle.hideturtle() |
---|
2218 | >>> turtle.showturtle() |
---|
2219 | """ |
---|
2220 | self.pen(shown=True) |
---|
2221 | |
---|
2222 | def hideturtle(self): |
---|
2223 | """Makes the turtle invisible. |
---|
2224 | |
---|
2225 | Aliases: hideturtle | ht |
---|
2226 | |
---|
2227 | No argument. |
---|
2228 | |
---|
2229 | It's a good idea to do this while you're in the |
---|
2230 | middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding |
---|
2231 | the turtle speeds up the drawing observably. |
---|
2232 | |
---|
2233 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2234 | >>> turtle.hideturtle() |
---|
2235 | """ |
---|
2236 | self.pen(shown=False) |
---|
2237 | |
---|
2238 | def isvisible(self): |
---|
2239 | """Return True if the Turtle is shown, False if it's hidden. |
---|
2240 | |
---|
2241 | No argument. |
---|
2242 | |
---|
2243 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2244 | >>> turtle.hideturtle() |
---|
2245 | >>> print turtle.isvisible(): |
---|
2246 | False |
---|
2247 | """ |
---|
2248 | return self._shown |
---|
2249 | |
---|
2250 | def pen(self, pen=None, **pendict): |
---|
2251 | """Return or set the pen's attributes. |
---|
2252 | |
---|
2253 | Arguments: |
---|
2254 | pen -- a dictionary with some or all of the below listed keys. |
---|
2255 | **pendict -- one or more keyword-arguments with the below |
---|
2256 | listed keys as keywords. |
---|
2257 | |
---|
2258 | Return or set the pen's attributes in a 'pen-dictionary' |
---|
2259 | with the following key/value pairs: |
---|
2260 | "shown" : True/False |
---|
2261 | "pendown" : True/False |
---|
2262 | "pencolor" : color-string or color-tuple |
---|
2263 | "fillcolor" : color-string or color-tuple |
---|
2264 | "pensize" : positive number |
---|
2265 | "speed" : number in range 0..10 |
---|
2266 | "resizemode" : "auto" or "user" or "noresize" |
---|
2267 | "stretchfactor": (positive number, positive number) |
---|
2268 | "outline" : positive number |
---|
2269 | "tilt" : number |
---|
2270 | |
---|
2271 | This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent |
---|
2272 | pen()-call to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one |
---|
2273 | or more of these attributes can be provided as keyword-arguments. |
---|
2274 | This can be used to set several pen attributes in one statement. |
---|
2275 | |
---|
2276 | |
---|
2277 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2278 | >>> turtle.pen(fillcolor="black", pencolor="red", pensize=10) |
---|
2279 | >>> turtle.pen() |
---|
2280 | {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, |
---|
2281 | 'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'black', |
---|
2282 | 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3} |
---|
2283 | >>> penstate=turtle.pen() |
---|
2284 | >>> turtle.color("yellow","") |
---|
2285 | >>> turtle.penup() |
---|
2286 | >>> turtle.pen() |
---|
2287 | {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, |
---|
2288 | 'pencolor': 'yellow', 'pendown': False, 'fillcolor': '', |
---|
2289 | 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3} |
---|
2290 | >>> p.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green") |
---|
2291 | >>> p.pen() |
---|
2292 | {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, |
---|
2293 | 'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'green', |
---|
2294 | 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3} |
---|
2295 | """ |
---|
2296 | _pd = {"shown" : self._shown, |
---|
2297 | "pendown" : self._drawing, |
---|
2298 | "pencolor" : self._pencolor, |
---|
2299 | "fillcolor" : self._fillcolor, |
---|
2300 | "pensize" : self._pensize, |
---|
2301 | "speed" : self._speed, |
---|
2302 | "resizemode" : self._resizemode, |
---|
2303 | "stretchfactor" : self._stretchfactor, |
---|
2304 | "outline" : self._outlinewidth, |
---|
2305 | "tilt" : self._tilt |
---|
2306 | } |
---|
2307 | |
---|
2308 | if not (pen or pendict): |
---|
2309 | return _pd |
---|
2310 | |
---|
2311 | if isinstance(pen, dict): |
---|
2312 | p = pen |
---|
2313 | else: |
---|
2314 | p = {} |
---|
2315 | p.update(pendict) |
---|
2316 | |
---|
2317 | _p_buf = {} |
---|
2318 | for key in p: |
---|
2319 | _p_buf[key] = _pd[key] |
---|
2320 | |
---|
2321 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
2322 | self.undobuffer.push(("pen", _p_buf)) |
---|
2323 | |
---|
2324 | newLine = False |
---|
2325 | if "pendown" in p: |
---|
2326 | if self._drawing != p["pendown"]: |
---|
2327 | newLine = True |
---|
2328 | if "pencolor" in p: |
---|
2329 | if isinstance(p["pencolor"], tuple): |
---|
2330 | p["pencolor"] = self._colorstr((p["pencolor"],)) |
---|
2331 | if self._pencolor != p["pencolor"]: |
---|
2332 | newLine = True |
---|
2333 | if "pensize" in p: |
---|
2334 | if self._pensize != p["pensize"]: |
---|
2335 | newLine = True |
---|
2336 | if newLine: |
---|
2337 | self._newLine() |
---|
2338 | if "pendown" in p: |
---|
2339 | self._drawing = p["pendown"] |
---|
2340 | if "pencolor" in p: |
---|
2341 | self._pencolor = p["pencolor"] |
---|
2342 | if "pensize" in p: |
---|
2343 | self._pensize = p["pensize"] |
---|
2344 | if "fillcolor" in p: |
---|
2345 | if isinstance(p["fillcolor"], tuple): |
---|
2346 | p["fillcolor"] = self._colorstr((p["fillcolor"],)) |
---|
2347 | self._fillcolor = p["fillcolor"] |
---|
2348 | if "speed" in p: |
---|
2349 | self._speed = p["speed"] |
---|
2350 | if "resizemode" in p: |
---|
2351 | self._resizemode = p["resizemode"] |
---|
2352 | if "stretchfactor" in p: |
---|
2353 | sf = p["stretchfactor"] |
---|
2354 | if isinstance(sf, (int, float)): |
---|
2355 | sf = (sf, sf) |
---|
2356 | self._stretchfactor = sf |
---|
2357 | if "outline" in p: |
---|
2358 | self._outlinewidth = p["outline"] |
---|
2359 | if "shown" in p: |
---|
2360 | self._shown = p["shown"] |
---|
2361 | if "tilt" in p: |
---|
2362 | self._tilt = p["tilt"] |
---|
2363 | self._update() |
---|
2364 | |
---|
2365 | ## three dummy methods to be implemented by child class: |
---|
2366 | |
---|
2367 | def _newLine(self, usePos = True): |
---|
2368 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
---|
2369 | def _update(self, count=True, forced=False): |
---|
2370 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
---|
2371 | def _color(self, args): |
---|
2372 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
---|
2373 | def _colorstr(self, args): |
---|
2374 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
---|
2375 | |
---|
2376 | width = pensize |
---|
2377 | up = penup |
---|
2378 | pu = penup |
---|
2379 | pd = pendown |
---|
2380 | down = pendown |
---|
2381 | st = showturtle |
---|
2382 | ht = hideturtle |
---|
2383 | |
---|
2384 | |
---|
2385 | class _TurtleImage(object): |
---|
2386 | """Helper class: Datatype to store Turtle attributes |
---|
2387 | """ |
---|
2388 | |
---|
2389 | def __init__(self, screen, shapeIndex): |
---|
2390 | self.screen = screen |
---|
2391 | self._type = None |
---|
2392 | self._setshape(shapeIndex) |
---|
2393 | |
---|
2394 | def _setshape(self, shapeIndex): |
---|
2395 | screen = self.screen # RawTurtle.screens[self.screenIndex] |
---|
2396 | self.shapeIndex = shapeIndex |
---|
2397 | if self._type == "polygon" == screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._type: |
---|
2398 | return |
---|
2399 | if self._type == "image" == screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._type: |
---|
2400 | return |
---|
2401 | if self._type in ["image", "polygon"]: |
---|
2402 | screen._delete(self._item) |
---|
2403 | elif self._type == "compound": |
---|
2404 | for item in self._item: |
---|
2405 | screen._delete(item) |
---|
2406 | self._type = screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._type |
---|
2407 | if self._type == "polygon": |
---|
2408 | self._item = screen._createpoly() |
---|
2409 | elif self._type == "image": |
---|
2410 | self._item = screen._createimage(screen._shapes["blank"]._data) |
---|
2411 | elif self._type == "compound": |
---|
2412 | self._item = [screen._createpoly() for item in |
---|
2413 | screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._data] |
---|
2414 | |
---|
2415 | |
---|
2416 | class RawTurtle(TPen, TNavigator): |
---|
2417 | """Animation part of the RawTurtle. |
---|
2418 | Puts RawTurtle upon a TurtleScreen and provides tools for |
---|
2419 | its animation. |
---|
2420 | """ |
---|
2421 | screens = [] |
---|
2422 | |
---|
2423 | def __init__(self, canvas=None, |
---|
2424 | shape=_CFG["shape"], |
---|
2425 | undobuffersize=_CFG["undobuffersize"], |
---|
2426 | visible=_CFG["visible"]): |
---|
2427 | if isinstance(canvas, _Screen): |
---|
2428 | self.screen = canvas |
---|
2429 | elif isinstance(canvas, TurtleScreen): |
---|
2430 | if canvas not in RawTurtle.screens: |
---|
2431 | RawTurtle.screens.append(canvas) |
---|
2432 | self.screen = canvas |
---|
2433 | elif isinstance(canvas, (ScrolledCanvas, Canvas)): |
---|
2434 | for screen in RawTurtle.screens: |
---|
2435 | if screen.cv == canvas: |
---|
2436 | self.screen = screen |
---|
2437 | break |
---|
2438 | else: |
---|
2439 | self.screen = TurtleScreen(canvas) |
---|
2440 | RawTurtle.screens.append(self.screen) |
---|
2441 | else: |
---|
2442 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad canvas argument %s" % canvas) |
---|
2443 | |
---|
2444 | screen = self.screen |
---|
2445 | TNavigator.__init__(self, screen.mode()) |
---|
2446 | TPen.__init__(self) |
---|
2447 | screen._turtles.append(self) |
---|
2448 | self.drawingLineItem = screen._createline() |
---|
2449 | self.turtle = _TurtleImage(screen, shape) |
---|
2450 | self._poly = None |
---|
2451 | self._creatingPoly = False |
---|
2452 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
---|
2453 | self._shown = visible |
---|
2454 | self._hidden_from_screen = False |
---|
2455 | self.currentLineItem = screen._createline() |
---|
2456 | self.currentLine = [self._position] |
---|
2457 | self.items = [self.currentLineItem] |
---|
2458 | self.stampItems = [] |
---|
2459 | self._undobuffersize = undobuffersize |
---|
2460 | self.undobuffer = Tbuffer(undobuffersize) |
---|
2461 | self._update() |
---|
2462 | |
---|
2463 | def reset(self): |
---|
2464 | """Delete the turtle's drawings and restore its default values. |
---|
2465 | |
---|
2466 | No argument. |
---|
2467 | , |
---|
2468 | Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle |
---|
2469 | and set variables to the default values. |
---|
2470 | |
---|
2471 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2472 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
2473 | (0.00,-22.00) |
---|
2474 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
2475 | 100.0 |
---|
2476 | >>> turtle.reset() |
---|
2477 | >>> turtle.position() |
---|
2478 | (0.00,0.00) |
---|
2479 | >>> turtle.heading() |
---|
2480 | 0.0 |
---|
2481 | """ |
---|
2482 | TNavigator.reset(self) |
---|
2483 | TPen._reset(self) |
---|
2484 | self._clear() |
---|
2485 | self._drawturtle() |
---|
2486 | self._update() |
---|
2487 | |
---|
2488 | def setundobuffer(self, size): |
---|
2489 | """Set or disable undobuffer. |
---|
2490 | |
---|
2491 | Argument: |
---|
2492 | size -- an integer or None |
---|
2493 | |
---|
2494 | If size is an integer an empty undobuffer of given size is installed. |
---|
2495 | Size gives the maximum number of turtle-actions that can be undone |
---|
2496 | by the undo() function. |
---|
2497 | If size is None, no undobuffer is present. |
---|
2498 | |
---|
2499 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2500 | >>> turtle.setundobuffer(42) |
---|
2501 | """ |
---|
2502 | if size is None or size <= 0: |
---|
2503 | self.undobuffer = None |
---|
2504 | else: |
---|
2505 | self.undobuffer = Tbuffer(size) |
---|
2506 | |
---|
2507 | def undobufferentries(self): |
---|
2508 | """Return count of entries in the undobuffer. |
---|
2509 | |
---|
2510 | No argument. |
---|
2511 | |
---|
2512 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2513 | >>> while undobufferentries(): |
---|
2514 | ... undo() |
---|
2515 | """ |
---|
2516 | if self.undobuffer is None: |
---|
2517 | return 0 |
---|
2518 | return self.undobuffer.nr_of_items() |
---|
2519 | |
---|
2520 | def _clear(self): |
---|
2521 | """Delete all of pen's drawings""" |
---|
2522 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
---|
2523 | for item in self.items: |
---|
2524 | self.screen._delete(item) |
---|
2525 | self.currentLineItem = self.screen._createline() |
---|
2526 | self.currentLine = [] |
---|
2527 | if self._drawing: |
---|
2528 | self.currentLine.append(self._position) |
---|
2529 | self.items = [self.currentLineItem] |
---|
2530 | self.clearstamps() |
---|
2531 | self.setundobuffer(self._undobuffersize) |
---|
2532 | |
---|
2533 | |
---|
2534 | def clear(self): |
---|
2535 | """Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. |
---|
2536 | |
---|
2537 | No arguments. |
---|
2538 | |
---|
2539 | Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. |
---|
2540 | State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other |
---|
2541 | turtles are not affected. |
---|
2542 | |
---|
2543 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2544 | >>> turtle.clear() |
---|
2545 | """ |
---|
2546 | self._clear() |
---|
2547 | self._update() |
---|
2548 | |
---|
2549 | def _update_data(self): |
---|
2550 | self.screen._incrementudc() |
---|
2551 | if self.screen._updatecounter != 0: |
---|
2552 | return |
---|
2553 | if len(self.currentLine)>1: |
---|
2554 | self.screen._drawline(self.currentLineItem, self.currentLine, |
---|
2555 | self._pencolor, self._pensize) |
---|
2556 | |
---|
2557 | def _update(self): |
---|
2558 | """Perform a Turtle-data update. |
---|
2559 | """ |
---|
2560 | screen = self.screen |
---|
2561 | if screen._tracing == 0: |
---|
2562 | return |
---|
2563 | elif screen._tracing == 1: |
---|
2564 | self._update_data() |
---|
2565 | self._drawturtle() |
---|
2566 | screen._update() # TurtleScreenBase |
---|
2567 | screen._delay(screen._delayvalue) # TurtleScreenBase |
---|
2568 | else: |
---|
2569 | self._update_data() |
---|
2570 | if screen._updatecounter == 0: |
---|
2571 | for t in screen.turtles(): |
---|
2572 | t._drawturtle() |
---|
2573 | screen._update() |
---|
2574 | |
---|
2575 | def tracer(self, flag=None, delay=None): |
---|
2576 | """Turns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. |
---|
2577 | |
---|
2578 | Optional arguments: |
---|
2579 | n -- nonnegative integer |
---|
2580 | delay -- nonnegative integer |
---|
2581 | |
---|
2582 | If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. |
---|
2583 | (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) |
---|
2584 | Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay()) |
---|
2585 | |
---|
2586 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2587 | >>> turtle.tracer(8, 25) |
---|
2588 | >>> dist = 2 |
---|
2589 | >>> for i in range(200): |
---|
2590 | ... turtle.fd(dist) |
---|
2591 | ... turtle.rt(90) |
---|
2592 | ... dist += 2 |
---|
2593 | """ |
---|
2594 | return self.screen.tracer(flag, delay) |
---|
2595 | |
---|
2596 | def _color(self, args): |
---|
2597 | return self.screen._color(args) |
---|
2598 | |
---|
2599 | def _colorstr(self, args): |
---|
2600 | return self.screen._colorstr(args) |
---|
2601 | |
---|
2602 | def _cc(self, args): |
---|
2603 | """Convert colortriples to hexstrings. |
---|
2604 | """ |
---|
2605 | if isinstance(args, basestring): |
---|
2606 | return args |
---|
2607 | try: |
---|
2608 | r, g, b = args |
---|
2609 | except: |
---|
2610 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color arguments: %s" % str(args)) |
---|
2611 | if self.screen._colormode == 1.0: |
---|
2612 | r, g, b = [round(255.0*x) for x in (r, g, b)] |
---|
2613 | if not ((0 <= r <= 255) and (0 <= g <= 255) and (0 <= b <= 255)): |
---|
2614 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color sequence: %s" % str(args)) |
---|
2615 | return "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r, g, b) |
---|
2616 | |
---|
2617 | def clone(self): |
---|
2618 | """Create and return a clone of the turtle. |
---|
2619 | |
---|
2620 | No argument. |
---|
2621 | |
---|
2622 | Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading |
---|
2623 | and turtle properties. |
---|
2624 | |
---|
2625 | Example (for a Turtle instance named mick): |
---|
2626 | mick = Turtle() |
---|
2627 | joe = mick.clone() |
---|
2628 | """ |
---|
2629 | screen = self.screen |
---|
2630 | self._newLine(self._drawing) |
---|
2631 | |
---|
2632 | turtle = self.turtle |
---|
2633 | self.screen = None |
---|
2634 | self.turtle = None # too make self deepcopy-able |
---|
2635 | |
---|
2636 | q = deepcopy(self) |
---|
2637 | |
---|
2638 | self.screen = screen |
---|
2639 | self.turtle = turtle |
---|
2640 | |
---|
2641 | q.screen = screen |
---|
2642 | q.turtle = _TurtleImage(screen, self.turtle.shapeIndex) |
---|
2643 | |
---|
2644 | screen._turtles.append(q) |
---|
2645 | ttype = screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex]._type |
---|
2646 | if ttype == "polygon": |
---|
2647 | q.turtle._item = screen._createpoly() |
---|
2648 | elif ttype == "image": |
---|
2649 | q.turtle._item = screen._createimage(screen._shapes["blank"]._data) |
---|
2650 | elif ttype == "compound": |
---|
2651 | q.turtle._item = [screen._createpoly() for item in |
---|
2652 | screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex]._data] |
---|
2653 | q.currentLineItem = screen._createline() |
---|
2654 | q._update() |
---|
2655 | return q |
---|
2656 | |
---|
2657 | def shape(self, name=None): |
---|
2658 | """Set turtle shape to shape with given name / return current shapename. |
---|
2659 | |
---|
2660 | Optional argument: |
---|
2661 | name -- a string, which is a valid shapename |
---|
2662 | |
---|
2663 | Set turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given, |
---|
2664 | return name of current shape. |
---|
2665 | Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen's shape dictionary. |
---|
2666 | Initially there are the following polygon shapes: |
---|
2667 | 'arrow', 'turtle', 'circle', 'square', 'triangle', 'classic'. |
---|
2668 | To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen-method register_shape. |
---|
2669 | |
---|
2670 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2671 | >>> turtle.shape() |
---|
2672 | 'arrow' |
---|
2673 | >>> turtle.shape("turtle") |
---|
2674 | >>> turtle.shape() |
---|
2675 | 'turtle' |
---|
2676 | """ |
---|
2677 | if name is None: |
---|
2678 | return self.turtle.shapeIndex |
---|
2679 | if not name in self.screen.getshapes(): |
---|
2680 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("There is no shape named %s" % name) |
---|
2681 | self.turtle._setshape(name) |
---|
2682 | self._update() |
---|
2683 | |
---|
2684 | def shapesize(self, stretch_wid=None, stretch_len=None, outline=None): |
---|
2685 | """Set/return turtle's stretchfactors/outline. Set resizemode to "user". |
---|
2686 | |
---|
2687 | Optional arguments: |
---|
2688 | stretch_wid : positive number |
---|
2689 | stretch_len : positive number |
---|
2690 | outline : positive number |
---|
2691 | |
---|
2692 | Return or set the pen's attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. |
---|
2693 | Set resizemode to "user". |
---|
2694 | If and only if resizemode is set to "user", the turtle will be displayed |
---|
2695 | stretched according to its stretchfactors: |
---|
2696 | stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to orientation |
---|
2697 | stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of turtles orientation. |
---|
2698 | outline determines the width of the shapes's outline. |
---|
2699 | |
---|
2700 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2701 | >>> turtle.resizemode("user") |
---|
2702 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12) |
---|
2703 | >>> turtle.shapesize(outline=8) |
---|
2704 | """ |
---|
2705 | if stretch_wid is stretch_len is outline is None: |
---|
2706 | stretch_wid, stretch_len = self._stretchfactor |
---|
2707 | return stretch_wid, stretch_len, self._outlinewidth |
---|
2708 | if stretch_wid is not None: |
---|
2709 | if stretch_len is None: |
---|
2710 | stretchfactor = stretch_wid, stretch_wid |
---|
2711 | else: |
---|
2712 | stretchfactor = stretch_wid, stretch_len |
---|
2713 | elif stretch_len is not None: |
---|
2714 | stretchfactor = self._stretchfactor[0], stretch_len |
---|
2715 | else: |
---|
2716 | stretchfactor = self._stretchfactor |
---|
2717 | if outline is None: |
---|
2718 | outline = self._outlinewidth |
---|
2719 | self.pen(resizemode="user", |
---|
2720 | stretchfactor=stretchfactor, outline=outline) |
---|
2721 | |
---|
2722 | def settiltangle(self, angle): |
---|
2723 | """Rotate the turtleshape to point in the specified direction |
---|
2724 | |
---|
2725 | Optional argument: |
---|
2726 | angle -- number |
---|
2727 | |
---|
2728 | Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, |
---|
2729 | regardless of its current tilt-angle. DO NOT change the turtle's |
---|
2730 | heading (direction of movement). |
---|
2731 | |
---|
2732 | |
---|
2733 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2734 | >>> turtle.shape("circle") |
---|
2735 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) |
---|
2736 | >>> turtle.settiltangle(45) |
---|
2737 | >>> stamp() |
---|
2738 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
---|
2739 | >>> turtle.settiltangle(-45) |
---|
2740 | >>> stamp() |
---|
2741 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
---|
2742 | """ |
---|
2743 | tilt = -angle * self._degreesPerAU * self._angleOrient |
---|
2744 | tilt = (tilt * math.pi / 180.0) % (2*math.pi) |
---|
2745 | self.pen(resizemode="user", tilt=tilt) |
---|
2746 | |
---|
2747 | def tiltangle(self): |
---|
2748 | """Return the current tilt-angle. |
---|
2749 | |
---|
2750 | No argument. |
---|
2751 | |
---|
2752 | Return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle between the |
---|
2753 | orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the turtle |
---|
2754 | (its direction of movement). |
---|
2755 | |
---|
2756 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2757 | >>> turtle.shape("circle") |
---|
2758 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) |
---|
2759 | >>> turtle.tilt(45) |
---|
2760 | >>> turtle.tiltangle() |
---|
2761 | """ |
---|
2762 | tilt = -self._tilt * (180.0/math.pi) * self._angleOrient |
---|
2763 | return (tilt / self._degreesPerAU) % self._fullcircle |
---|
2764 | |
---|
2765 | def tilt(self, angle): |
---|
2766 | """Rotate the turtleshape by angle. |
---|
2767 | |
---|
2768 | Argument: |
---|
2769 | angle - a number |
---|
2770 | |
---|
2771 | Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, |
---|
2772 | but do NOT change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). |
---|
2773 | |
---|
2774 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2775 | >>> turtle.shape("circle") |
---|
2776 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) |
---|
2777 | >>> turtle.tilt(30) |
---|
2778 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
---|
2779 | >>> turtle.tilt(30) |
---|
2780 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
---|
2781 | """ |
---|
2782 | self.settiltangle(angle + self.tiltangle()) |
---|
2783 | |
---|
2784 | def _polytrafo(self, poly): |
---|
2785 | """Computes transformed polygon shapes from a shape |
---|
2786 | according to current position and heading. |
---|
2787 | """ |
---|
2788 | screen = self.screen |
---|
2789 | p0, p1 = self._position |
---|
2790 | e0, e1 = self._orient |
---|
2791 | e = Vec2D(e0, e1 * screen.yscale / screen.xscale) |
---|
2792 | e0, e1 = (1.0 / abs(e)) * e |
---|
2793 | return [(p0+(e1*x+e0*y)/screen.xscale, p1+(-e0*x+e1*y)/screen.yscale) |
---|
2794 | for (x, y) in poly] |
---|
2795 | |
---|
2796 | def _drawturtle(self): |
---|
2797 | """Manages the correct rendering of the turtle with respect to |
---|
2798 | its shape, resizemode, stretch and tilt etc.""" |
---|
2799 | screen = self.screen |
---|
2800 | shape = screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex] |
---|
2801 | ttype = shape._type |
---|
2802 | titem = self.turtle._item |
---|
2803 | if self._shown and screen._updatecounter == 0 and screen._tracing > 0: |
---|
2804 | self._hidden_from_screen = False |
---|
2805 | tshape = shape._data |
---|
2806 | if ttype == "polygon": |
---|
2807 | if self._resizemode == "noresize": |
---|
2808 | w = 1 |
---|
2809 | shape = tshape |
---|
2810 | else: |
---|
2811 | if self._resizemode == "auto": |
---|
2812 | lx = ly = max(1, self._pensize/5.0) |
---|
2813 | w = self._pensize |
---|
2814 | tiltangle = 0 |
---|
2815 | elif self._resizemode == "user": |
---|
2816 | lx, ly = self._stretchfactor |
---|
2817 | w = self._outlinewidth |
---|
2818 | tiltangle = self._tilt |
---|
2819 | shape = [(lx*x, ly*y) for (x, y) in tshape] |
---|
2820 | t0, t1 = math.sin(tiltangle), math.cos(tiltangle) |
---|
2821 | shape = [(t1*x+t0*y, -t0*x+t1*y) for (x, y) in shape] |
---|
2822 | shape = self._polytrafo(shape) |
---|
2823 | fc, oc = self._fillcolor, self._pencolor |
---|
2824 | screen._drawpoly(titem, shape, fill=fc, outline=oc, |
---|
2825 | width=w, top=True) |
---|
2826 | elif ttype == "image": |
---|
2827 | screen._drawimage(titem, self._position, tshape) |
---|
2828 | elif ttype == "compound": |
---|
2829 | lx, ly = self._stretchfactor |
---|
2830 | w = self._outlinewidth |
---|
2831 | for item, (poly, fc, oc) in zip(titem, tshape): |
---|
2832 | poly = [(lx*x, ly*y) for (x, y) in poly] |
---|
2833 | poly = self._polytrafo(poly) |
---|
2834 | screen._drawpoly(item, poly, fill=self._cc(fc), |
---|
2835 | outline=self._cc(oc), width=w, top=True) |
---|
2836 | else: |
---|
2837 | if self._hidden_from_screen: |
---|
2838 | return |
---|
2839 | if ttype == "polygon": |
---|
2840 | screen._drawpoly(titem, ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)), "", "") |
---|
2841 | elif ttype == "image": |
---|
2842 | screen._drawimage(titem, self._position, |
---|
2843 | screen._shapes["blank"]._data) |
---|
2844 | elif ttype == "compound": |
---|
2845 | for item in titem: |
---|
2846 | screen._drawpoly(item, ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)), "", "") |
---|
2847 | self._hidden_from_screen = True |
---|
2848 | |
---|
2849 | ############################## stamp stuff ############################### |
---|
2850 | |
---|
2851 | def stamp(self): |
---|
2852 | """Stamp a copy of the turtleshape onto the canvas and return its id. |
---|
2853 | |
---|
2854 | No argument. |
---|
2855 | |
---|
2856 | Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current |
---|
2857 | turtle position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be |
---|
2858 | used to delete it by calling clearstamp(stamp_id). |
---|
2859 | |
---|
2860 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2861 | >>> turtle.color("blue") |
---|
2862 | >>> turtle.stamp() |
---|
2863 | 13 |
---|
2864 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
---|
2865 | """ |
---|
2866 | screen = self.screen |
---|
2867 | shape = screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex] |
---|
2868 | ttype = shape._type |
---|
2869 | tshape = shape._data |
---|
2870 | if ttype == "polygon": |
---|
2871 | stitem = screen._createpoly() |
---|
2872 | if self._resizemode == "noresize": |
---|
2873 | w = 1 |
---|
2874 | shape = tshape |
---|
2875 | else: |
---|
2876 | if self._resizemode == "auto": |
---|
2877 | lx = ly = max(1, self._pensize/5.0) |
---|
2878 | w = self._pensize |
---|
2879 | tiltangle = 0 |
---|
2880 | elif self._resizemode == "user": |
---|
2881 | lx, ly = self._stretchfactor |
---|
2882 | w = self._outlinewidth |
---|
2883 | tiltangle = self._tilt |
---|
2884 | shape = [(lx*x, ly*y) for (x, y) in tshape] |
---|
2885 | t0, t1 = math.sin(tiltangle), math.cos(tiltangle) |
---|
2886 | shape = [(t1*x+t0*y, -t0*x+t1*y) for (x, y) in shape] |
---|
2887 | shape = self._polytrafo(shape) |
---|
2888 | fc, oc = self._fillcolor, self._pencolor |
---|
2889 | screen._drawpoly(stitem, shape, fill=fc, outline=oc, |
---|
2890 | width=w, top=True) |
---|
2891 | elif ttype == "image": |
---|
2892 | stitem = screen._createimage("") |
---|
2893 | screen._drawimage(stitem, self._position, tshape) |
---|
2894 | elif ttype == "compound": |
---|
2895 | stitem = [] |
---|
2896 | for element in tshape: |
---|
2897 | item = screen._createpoly() |
---|
2898 | stitem.append(item) |
---|
2899 | stitem = tuple(stitem) |
---|
2900 | lx, ly = self._stretchfactor |
---|
2901 | w = self._outlinewidth |
---|
2902 | for item, (poly, fc, oc) in zip(stitem, tshape): |
---|
2903 | poly = [(lx*x, ly*y) for (x, y) in poly] |
---|
2904 | poly = self._polytrafo(poly) |
---|
2905 | screen._drawpoly(item, poly, fill=self._cc(fc), |
---|
2906 | outline=self._cc(oc), width=w, top=True) |
---|
2907 | self.stampItems.append(stitem) |
---|
2908 | self.undobuffer.push(("stamp", stitem)) |
---|
2909 | return stitem |
---|
2910 | |
---|
2911 | def _clearstamp(self, stampid): |
---|
2912 | """does the work for clearstamp() and clearstamps() |
---|
2913 | """ |
---|
2914 | if stampid in self.stampItems: |
---|
2915 | if isinstance(stampid, tuple): |
---|
2916 | for subitem in stampid: |
---|
2917 | self.screen._delete(subitem) |
---|
2918 | else: |
---|
2919 | self.screen._delete(stampid) |
---|
2920 | self.stampItems.remove(stampid) |
---|
2921 | # Delete stampitem from undobuffer if necessary |
---|
2922 | # if clearstamp is called directly. |
---|
2923 | item = ("stamp", stampid) |
---|
2924 | buf = self.undobuffer |
---|
2925 | if item not in buf.buffer: |
---|
2926 | return |
---|
2927 | index = buf.buffer.index(item) |
---|
2928 | buf.buffer.remove(item) |
---|
2929 | if index <= buf.ptr: |
---|
2930 | buf.ptr = (buf.ptr - 1) % buf.bufsize |
---|
2931 | buf.buffer.insert((buf.ptr+1)%buf.bufsize, [None]) |
---|
2932 | |
---|
2933 | def clearstamp(self, stampid): |
---|
2934 | """Delete stamp with given stampid |
---|
2935 | |
---|
2936 | Argument: |
---|
2937 | stampid - an integer, must be return value of previous stamp() call. |
---|
2938 | |
---|
2939 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2940 | >>> turtle.color("blue") |
---|
2941 | >>> astamp = turtle.stamp() |
---|
2942 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
---|
2943 | >>> turtle.clearstamp(astamp) |
---|
2944 | """ |
---|
2945 | self._clearstamp(stampid) |
---|
2946 | self._update() |
---|
2947 | |
---|
2948 | def clearstamps(self, n=None): |
---|
2949 | """Delete all or first/last n of turtle's stamps. |
---|
2950 | |
---|
2951 | Optional argument: |
---|
2952 | n -- an integer |
---|
2953 | |
---|
2954 | If n is None, delete all of pen's stamps, |
---|
2955 | else if n > 0 delete first n stamps |
---|
2956 | else if n < 0 delete last n stamps. |
---|
2957 | |
---|
2958 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
2959 | >>> for i in range(8): |
---|
2960 | ... turtle.stamp(); turtle.fd(30) |
---|
2961 | ... |
---|
2962 | >>> turtle.clearstamps(2) |
---|
2963 | >>> turtle.clearstamps(-2) |
---|
2964 | >>> turtle.clearstamps() |
---|
2965 | """ |
---|
2966 | if n is None: |
---|
2967 | toDelete = self.stampItems[:] |
---|
2968 | elif n >= 0: |
---|
2969 | toDelete = self.stampItems[:n] |
---|
2970 | else: |
---|
2971 | toDelete = self.stampItems[n:] |
---|
2972 | for item in toDelete: |
---|
2973 | self._clearstamp(item) |
---|
2974 | self._update() |
---|
2975 | |
---|
2976 | def _goto(self, end): |
---|
2977 | """Move the pen to the point end, thereby drawing a line |
---|
2978 | if pen is down. All other methods for turtle movement depend |
---|
2979 | on this one. |
---|
2980 | """ |
---|
2981 | ## Version mit undo-stuff |
---|
2982 | go_modes = ( self._drawing, |
---|
2983 | self._pencolor, |
---|
2984 | self._pensize, |
---|
2985 | isinstance(self._fillpath, list)) |
---|
2986 | screen = self.screen |
---|
2987 | undo_entry = ("go", self._position, end, go_modes, |
---|
2988 | (self.currentLineItem, |
---|
2989 | self.currentLine[:], |
---|
2990 | screen._pointlist(self.currentLineItem), |
---|
2991 | self.items[:]) |
---|
2992 | ) |
---|
2993 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
2994 | self.undobuffer.push(undo_entry) |
---|
2995 | start = self._position |
---|
2996 | if self._speed and screen._tracing == 1: |
---|
2997 | diff = (end-start) |
---|
2998 | diffsq = (diff[0]*screen.xscale)**2 + (diff[1]*screen.yscale)**2 |
---|
2999 | nhops = 1+int((diffsq**0.5)/(3*(1.1**self._speed)*self._speed)) |
---|
3000 | delta = diff * (1.0/nhops) |
---|
3001 | for n in range(1, nhops): |
---|
3002 | if n == 1: |
---|
3003 | top = True |
---|
3004 | else: |
---|
3005 | top = False |
---|
3006 | self._position = start + delta * n |
---|
3007 | if self._drawing: |
---|
3008 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, |
---|
3009 | (start, self._position), |
---|
3010 | self._pencolor, self._pensize, top) |
---|
3011 | self._update() |
---|
3012 | if self._drawing: |
---|
3013 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, ((0, 0), (0, 0)), |
---|
3014 | fill="", width=self._pensize) |
---|
3015 | # Turtle now at end, |
---|
3016 | if self._drawing: # now update currentLine |
---|
3017 | self.currentLine.append(end) |
---|
3018 | if isinstance(self._fillpath, list): |
---|
3019 | self._fillpath.append(end) |
---|
3020 | ###### vererbung!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
---|
3021 | self._position = end |
---|
3022 | if self._creatingPoly: |
---|
3023 | self._poly.append(end) |
---|
3024 | if len(self.currentLine) > 42: # 42! answer to the ultimate question |
---|
3025 | # of life, the universe and everything |
---|
3026 | self._newLine() |
---|
3027 | self._update() #count=True) |
---|
3028 | |
---|
3029 | def _undogoto(self, entry): |
---|
3030 | """Reverse a _goto. Used for undo() |
---|
3031 | """ |
---|
3032 | old, new, go_modes, coodata = entry |
---|
3033 | drawing, pc, ps, filling = go_modes |
---|
3034 | cLI, cL, pl, items = coodata |
---|
3035 | screen = self.screen |
---|
3036 | if abs(self._position - new) > 0.5: |
---|
3037 | print "undogoto: HALLO-DA-STIMMT-WAS-NICHT!" |
---|
3038 | # restore former situation |
---|
3039 | self.currentLineItem = cLI |
---|
3040 | self.currentLine = cL |
---|
3041 | |
---|
3042 | if pl == [(0, 0), (0, 0)]: |
---|
3043 | usepc = "" |
---|
3044 | else: |
---|
3045 | usepc = pc |
---|
3046 | screen._drawline(cLI, pl, fill=usepc, width=ps) |
---|
3047 | |
---|
3048 | todelete = [i for i in self.items if (i not in items) and |
---|
3049 | (screen._type(i) == "line")] |
---|
3050 | for i in todelete: |
---|
3051 | screen._delete(i) |
---|
3052 | self.items.remove(i) |
---|
3053 | |
---|
3054 | start = old |
---|
3055 | if self._speed and screen._tracing == 1: |
---|
3056 | diff = old - new |
---|
3057 | diffsq = (diff[0]*screen.xscale)**2 + (diff[1]*screen.yscale)**2 |
---|
3058 | nhops = 1+int((diffsq**0.5)/(3*(1.1**self._speed)*self._speed)) |
---|
3059 | delta = diff * (1.0/nhops) |
---|
3060 | for n in range(1, nhops): |
---|
3061 | if n == 1: |
---|
3062 | top = True |
---|
3063 | else: |
---|
3064 | top = False |
---|
3065 | self._position = new + delta * n |
---|
3066 | if drawing: |
---|
3067 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, |
---|
3068 | (start, self._position), |
---|
3069 | pc, ps, top) |
---|
3070 | self._update() |
---|
3071 | if drawing: |
---|
3072 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, ((0, 0), (0, 0)), |
---|
3073 | fill="", width=ps) |
---|
3074 | # Turtle now at position old, |
---|
3075 | self._position = old |
---|
3076 | ## if undo is done during creating a polygon, the last vertex |
---|
3077 | ## will be deleted. if the polygon is entirely deleted, |
---|
3078 | ## creatingPoly will be set to False. |
---|
3079 | ## Polygons created before the last one will not be affected by undo() |
---|
3080 | if self._creatingPoly: |
---|
3081 | if len(self._poly) > 0: |
---|
3082 | self._poly.pop() |
---|
3083 | if self._poly == []: |
---|
3084 | self._creatingPoly = False |
---|
3085 | self._poly = None |
---|
3086 | if filling: |
---|
3087 | if self._fillpath == []: |
---|
3088 | self._fillpath = None |
---|
3089 | print "Unwahrscheinlich in _undogoto!" |
---|
3090 | elif self._fillpath is not None: |
---|
3091 | self._fillpath.pop() |
---|
3092 | self._update() #count=True) |
---|
3093 | |
---|
3094 | def _rotate(self, angle): |
---|
3095 | """Turns pen clockwise by angle. |
---|
3096 | """ |
---|
3097 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3098 | self.undobuffer.push(("rot", angle, self._degreesPerAU)) |
---|
3099 | angle *= self._degreesPerAU |
---|
3100 | neworient = self._orient.rotate(angle) |
---|
3101 | tracing = self.screen._tracing |
---|
3102 | if tracing == 1 and self._speed > 0: |
---|
3103 | anglevel = 3.0 * self._speed |
---|
3104 | steps = 1 + int(abs(angle)/anglevel) |
---|
3105 | delta = 1.0*angle/steps |
---|
3106 | for _ in range(steps): |
---|
3107 | self._orient = self._orient.rotate(delta) |
---|
3108 | self._update() |
---|
3109 | self._orient = neworient |
---|
3110 | self._update() |
---|
3111 | |
---|
3112 | def _newLine(self, usePos=True): |
---|
3113 | """Closes current line item and starts a new one. |
---|
3114 | Remark: if current line became too long, animation |
---|
3115 | performance (via _drawline) slowed down considerably. |
---|
3116 | """ |
---|
3117 | if len(self.currentLine) > 1: |
---|
3118 | self.screen._drawline(self.currentLineItem, self.currentLine, |
---|
3119 | self._pencolor, self._pensize) |
---|
3120 | self.currentLineItem = self.screen._createline() |
---|
3121 | self.items.append(self.currentLineItem) |
---|
3122 | else: |
---|
3123 | self.screen._drawline(self.currentLineItem, top=True) |
---|
3124 | self.currentLine = [] |
---|
3125 | if usePos: |
---|
3126 | self.currentLine = [self._position] |
---|
3127 | |
---|
3128 | def fill(self, flag=None): |
---|
3129 | """Call fill(True) before drawing a shape to fill, fill(False) when done. |
---|
3130 | |
---|
3131 | Optional argument: |
---|
3132 | flag -- True/False (or 1/0 respectively) |
---|
3133 | |
---|
3134 | Call fill(True) before drawing the shape you want to fill, |
---|
3135 | and fill(False) when done. |
---|
3136 | When used without argument: return fillstate (True if filling, |
---|
3137 | False else) |
---|
3138 | |
---|
3139 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3140 | >>> turtle.fill(True) |
---|
3141 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3142 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3143 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3144 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3145 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3146 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3147 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3148 | >>> turtle.fill(False) |
---|
3149 | """ |
---|
3150 | filling = isinstance(self._fillpath, list) |
---|
3151 | if flag is None: |
---|
3152 | return filling |
---|
3153 | screen = self.screen |
---|
3154 | entry1 = entry2 = () |
---|
3155 | if filling: |
---|
3156 | if len(self._fillpath) > 2: |
---|
3157 | self.screen._drawpoly(self._fillitem, self._fillpath, |
---|
3158 | fill=self._fillcolor) |
---|
3159 | entry1 = ("dofill", self._fillitem) |
---|
3160 | if flag: |
---|
3161 | self._fillitem = self.screen._createpoly() |
---|
3162 | self.items.append(self._fillitem) |
---|
3163 | self._fillpath = [self._position] |
---|
3164 | entry2 = ("beginfill", self._fillitem) # , self._fillpath) |
---|
3165 | self._newLine() |
---|
3166 | else: |
---|
3167 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
---|
3168 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3169 | if entry1 == (): |
---|
3170 | if entry2 != (): |
---|
3171 | self.undobuffer.push(entry2) |
---|
3172 | else: |
---|
3173 | if entry2 == (): |
---|
3174 | self.undobuffer.push(entry1) |
---|
3175 | else: |
---|
3176 | self.undobuffer.push(["seq", entry1, entry2]) |
---|
3177 | self._update() |
---|
3178 | |
---|
3179 | def begin_fill(self): |
---|
3180 | """Called just before drawing a shape to be filled. |
---|
3181 | |
---|
3182 | No argument. |
---|
3183 | |
---|
3184 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3185 | >>> turtle.begin_fill() |
---|
3186 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3187 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3188 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3189 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3190 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3191 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3192 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3193 | >>> turtle.end_fill() |
---|
3194 | """ |
---|
3195 | self.fill(True) |
---|
3196 | |
---|
3197 | def end_fill(self): |
---|
3198 | """Fill the shape drawn after the call begin_fill(). |
---|
3199 | |
---|
3200 | No argument. |
---|
3201 | |
---|
3202 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3203 | >>> turtle.begin_fill() |
---|
3204 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3205 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3206 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3207 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3208 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3209 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
---|
3210 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
---|
3211 | >>> turtle.end_fill() |
---|
3212 | """ |
---|
3213 | self.fill(False) |
---|
3214 | |
---|
3215 | def dot(self, size=None, *color): |
---|
3216 | """Draw a dot with diameter size, using color. |
---|
3217 | |
---|
3218 | Optional arguments: |
---|
3219 | size -- an integer >= 1 (if given) |
---|
3220 | color -- a colorstring or a numeric color tuple |
---|
3221 | |
---|
3222 | Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color. |
---|
3223 | If size is not given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used. |
---|
3224 | |
---|
3225 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3226 | >>> turtle.dot() |
---|
3227 | >>> turtle.fd(50); turtle.dot(20, "blue"); turtle.fd(50) |
---|
3228 | """ |
---|
3229 | #print "dot-1:", size, color |
---|
3230 | if not color: |
---|
3231 | if isinstance(size, (basestring, tuple)): |
---|
3232 | color = self._colorstr(size) |
---|
3233 | size = self._pensize + max(self._pensize, 4) |
---|
3234 | else: |
---|
3235 | color = self._pencolor |
---|
3236 | if not size: |
---|
3237 | size = self._pensize + max(self._pensize, 4) |
---|
3238 | else: |
---|
3239 | if size is None: |
---|
3240 | size = self._pensize + max(self._pensize, 4) |
---|
3241 | color = self._colorstr(color) |
---|
3242 | #print "dot-2:", size, color |
---|
3243 | if hasattr(self.screen, "_dot"): |
---|
3244 | item = self.screen._dot(self._position, size, color) |
---|
3245 | #print "dot:", size, color, "item:", item |
---|
3246 | self.items.append(item) |
---|
3247 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3248 | self.undobuffer.push(("dot", item)) |
---|
3249 | else: |
---|
3250 | pen = self.pen() |
---|
3251 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3252 | self.undobuffer.push(["seq"]) |
---|
3253 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = True |
---|
3254 | try: |
---|
3255 | if self.resizemode() == 'auto': |
---|
3256 | self.ht() |
---|
3257 | self.pendown() |
---|
3258 | self.pensize(size) |
---|
3259 | self.pencolor(color) |
---|
3260 | self.forward(0) |
---|
3261 | finally: |
---|
3262 | self.pen(pen) |
---|
3263 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3264 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = False |
---|
3265 | |
---|
3266 | def _write(self, txt, align, font): |
---|
3267 | """Performs the writing for write() |
---|
3268 | """ |
---|
3269 | item, end = self.screen._write(self._position, txt, align, font, |
---|
3270 | self._pencolor) |
---|
3271 | self.items.append(item) |
---|
3272 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3273 | self.undobuffer.push(("wri", item)) |
---|
3274 | return end |
---|
3275 | |
---|
3276 | def write(self, arg, move=False, align="left", font=("Arial", 8, "normal")): |
---|
3277 | """Write text at the current turtle position. |
---|
3278 | |
---|
3279 | Arguments: |
---|
3280 | arg -- info, which is to be written to the TurtleScreen |
---|
3281 | move (optional) -- True/False |
---|
3282 | align (optional) -- one of the strings "left", "center" or right" |
---|
3283 | font (optional) -- a triple (fontname, fontsize, fonttype) |
---|
3284 | |
---|
3285 | Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current |
---|
3286 | turtle position according to align ("left", "center" or right") |
---|
3287 | and with the given font. |
---|
3288 | If move is True, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner |
---|
3289 | of the text. By default, move is False. |
---|
3290 | |
---|
3291 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3292 | >>> turtle.write('Home = ', True, align="center") |
---|
3293 | >>> turtle.write((0,0), True) |
---|
3294 | """ |
---|
3295 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3296 | self.undobuffer.push(["seq"]) |
---|
3297 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = True |
---|
3298 | end = self._write(str(arg), align.lower(), font) |
---|
3299 | if move: |
---|
3300 | x, y = self.pos() |
---|
3301 | self.setpos(end, y) |
---|
3302 | if self.undobuffer: |
---|
3303 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = False |
---|
3304 | |
---|
3305 | def begin_poly(self): |
---|
3306 | """Start recording the vertices of a polygon. |
---|
3307 | |
---|
3308 | No argument. |
---|
3309 | |
---|
3310 | Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position |
---|
3311 | is first point of polygon. |
---|
3312 | |
---|
3313 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3314 | >>> turtle.begin_poly() |
---|
3315 | """ |
---|
3316 | self._poly = [self._position] |
---|
3317 | self._creatingPoly = True |
---|
3318 | |
---|
3319 | def end_poly(self): |
---|
3320 | """Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. |
---|
3321 | |
---|
3322 | No argument. |
---|
3323 | |
---|
3324 | Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is |
---|
3325 | last point of polygon. This will be connected with the first point. |
---|
3326 | |
---|
3327 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3328 | >>> turtle.end_poly() |
---|
3329 | """ |
---|
3330 | self._creatingPoly = False |
---|
3331 | |
---|
3332 | def get_poly(self): |
---|
3333 | """Return the lastly recorded polygon. |
---|
3334 | |
---|
3335 | No argument. |
---|
3336 | |
---|
3337 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3338 | >>> p = turtle.get_poly() |
---|
3339 | >>> turtle.register_shape("myFavouriteShape", p) |
---|
3340 | """ |
---|
3341 | ## check if there is any poly? -- 1st solution: |
---|
3342 | if self._poly is not None: |
---|
3343 | return tuple(self._poly) |
---|
3344 | |
---|
3345 | def getscreen(self): |
---|
3346 | """Return the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on. |
---|
3347 | |
---|
3348 | No argument. |
---|
3349 | |
---|
3350 | Return the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on. |
---|
3351 | So TurtleScreen-methods can be called for that object. |
---|
3352 | |
---|
3353 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3354 | >>> ts = turtle.getscreen() |
---|
3355 | >>> ts |
---|
3356 | <turtle.TurtleScreen object at 0x0106B770> |
---|
3357 | >>> ts.bgcolor("pink") |
---|
3358 | """ |
---|
3359 | return self.screen |
---|
3360 | |
---|
3361 | def getturtle(self): |
---|
3362 | """Return the Turtleobject itself. |
---|
3363 | |
---|
3364 | No argument. |
---|
3365 | |
---|
3366 | Only reasonable use: as a function to return the 'anonymous turtle': |
---|
3367 | |
---|
3368 | Example: |
---|
3369 | >>> pet = getturtle() |
---|
3370 | >>> pet.fd(50) |
---|
3371 | >>> pet |
---|
3372 | <turtle.Turtle object at 0x0187D810> |
---|
3373 | >>> turtles() |
---|
3374 | [<turtle.Turtle object at 0x0187D810>] |
---|
3375 | """ |
---|
3376 | return self |
---|
3377 | |
---|
3378 | getpen = getturtle |
---|
3379 | |
---|
3380 | |
---|
3381 | ################################################################ |
---|
3382 | ### screen oriented methods recurring to methods of TurtleScreen |
---|
3383 | ################################################################ |
---|
3384 | |
---|
3385 | def window_width(self): |
---|
3386 | """ Returns the width of the turtle window. |
---|
3387 | |
---|
3388 | No argument. |
---|
3389 | |
---|
3390 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
3391 | >>> screen.window_width() |
---|
3392 | 640 |
---|
3393 | """ |
---|
3394 | return self.screen._window_size()[0] |
---|
3395 | |
---|
3396 | def window_height(self): |
---|
3397 | """ Return the height of the turtle window. |
---|
3398 | |
---|
3399 | No argument. |
---|
3400 | |
---|
3401 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
3402 | >>> screen.window_height() |
---|
3403 | 480 |
---|
3404 | """ |
---|
3405 | return self.screen._window_size()[1] |
---|
3406 | |
---|
3407 | def _delay(self, delay=None): |
---|
3408 | """Set delay value which determines speed of turtle animation. |
---|
3409 | """ |
---|
3410 | return self.screen.delay(delay) |
---|
3411 | |
---|
3412 | ##### event binding methods ##### |
---|
3413 | |
---|
3414 | def onclick(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
---|
3415 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on this turtle on canvas. |
---|
3416 | |
---|
3417 | Arguments: |
---|
3418 | fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned |
---|
3419 | the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. |
---|
3420 | num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). |
---|
3421 | add -- True or False. If True, new binding will be added, otherwise |
---|
3422 | it will replace a former binding. |
---|
3423 | |
---|
3424 | Example for the anonymous turtle, i. e. the procedural way: |
---|
3425 | |
---|
3426 | >>> def turn(x, y): |
---|
3427 | ... left(360) |
---|
3428 | ... |
---|
3429 | >>> onclick(turn) # Now clicking into the turtle will turn it. |
---|
3430 | >>> onclick(None) # event-binding will be removed |
---|
3431 | """ |
---|
3432 | self.screen._onclick(self.turtle._item, fun, btn, add) |
---|
3433 | self._update() |
---|
3434 | |
---|
3435 | def onrelease(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
---|
3436 | """Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on this turtle on canvas. |
---|
3437 | |
---|
3438 | Arguments: |
---|
3439 | fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned |
---|
3440 | the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. |
---|
3441 | num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). |
---|
3442 | |
---|
3443 | Example (for a MyTurtle instance named joe): |
---|
3444 | >>> class MyTurtle(Turtle): |
---|
3445 | ... def glow(self,x,y): |
---|
3446 | ... self.fillcolor("red") |
---|
3447 | ... def unglow(self,x,y): |
---|
3448 | ... self.fillcolor("") |
---|
3449 | ... |
---|
3450 | >>> joe = MyTurtle() |
---|
3451 | >>> joe.onclick(joe.glow) |
---|
3452 | >>> joe.onrelease(joe.unglow) |
---|
3453 | |
---|
3454 | Clicking on joe turns fillcolor red, unclicking turns it to |
---|
3455 | transparent. |
---|
3456 | """ |
---|
3457 | self.screen._onrelease(self.turtle._item, fun, btn, add) |
---|
3458 | self._update() |
---|
3459 | |
---|
3460 | def ondrag(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
---|
3461 | """Bind fun to mouse-move event on this turtle on canvas. |
---|
3462 | |
---|
3463 | Arguments: |
---|
3464 | fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned |
---|
3465 | the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. |
---|
3466 | num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). |
---|
3467 | |
---|
3468 | Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a |
---|
3469 | mouse-click event on that turtle. |
---|
3470 | |
---|
3471 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3472 | >>> turtle.ondrag(turtle.goto) |
---|
3473 | |
---|
3474 | Subsequently clicking and dragging a Turtle will move it |
---|
3475 | across the screen thereby producing handdrawings (if pen is |
---|
3476 | down). |
---|
3477 | """ |
---|
3478 | self.screen._ondrag(self.turtle._item, fun, btn, add) |
---|
3479 | |
---|
3480 | |
---|
3481 | def _undo(self, action, data): |
---|
3482 | """Does the main part of the work for undo() |
---|
3483 | """ |
---|
3484 | if self.undobuffer is None: |
---|
3485 | return |
---|
3486 | if action == "rot": |
---|
3487 | angle, degPAU = data |
---|
3488 | self._rotate(-angle*degPAU/self._degreesPerAU) |
---|
3489 | dummy = self.undobuffer.pop() |
---|
3490 | elif action == "stamp": |
---|
3491 | stitem = data[0] |
---|
3492 | self.clearstamp(stitem) |
---|
3493 | elif action == "go": |
---|
3494 | self._undogoto(data) |
---|
3495 | elif action in ["wri", "dot"]: |
---|
3496 | item = data[0] |
---|
3497 | self.screen._delete(item) |
---|
3498 | self.items.remove(item) |
---|
3499 | elif action == "dofill": |
---|
3500 | item = data[0] |
---|
3501 | self.screen._drawpoly(item, ((0, 0),(0, 0),(0, 0)), |
---|
3502 | fill="", outline="") |
---|
3503 | elif action == "beginfill": |
---|
3504 | item = data[0] |
---|
3505 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
---|
3506 | self.screen._delete(item) |
---|
3507 | self.items.remove(item) |
---|
3508 | elif action == "pen": |
---|
3509 | TPen.pen(self, data[0]) |
---|
3510 | self.undobuffer.pop() |
---|
3511 | |
---|
3512 | def undo(self): |
---|
3513 | """undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action. |
---|
3514 | |
---|
3515 | No argument. |
---|
3516 | |
---|
3517 | undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action. |
---|
3518 | Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of |
---|
3519 | the undobuffer. |
---|
3520 | |
---|
3521 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
---|
3522 | >>> for i in range(4): |
---|
3523 | ... turtle.fd(50); turtle.lt(80) |
---|
3524 | ... |
---|
3525 | >>> for i in range(8): |
---|
3526 | ... turtle.undo() |
---|
3527 | ... |
---|
3528 | """ |
---|
3529 | if self.undobuffer is None: |
---|
3530 | return |
---|
3531 | item = self.undobuffer.pop() |
---|
3532 | action = item[0] |
---|
3533 | data = item[1:] |
---|
3534 | if action == "seq": |
---|
3535 | while data: |
---|
3536 | item = data.pop() |
---|
3537 | self._undo(item[0], item[1:]) |
---|
3538 | else: |
---|
3539 | self._undo(action, data) |
---|
3540 | |
---|
3541 | turtlesize = shapesize |
---|
3542 | |
---|
3543 | RawPen = RawTurtle |
---|
3544 | |
---|
3545 | ### Screen - Singleton ######################## |
---|
3546 | |
---|
3547 | def Screen(): |
---|
3548 | """Return the singleton screen object. |
---|
3549 | If none exists at the moment, create a new one and return it, |
---|
3550 | else return the existing one.""" |
---|
3551 | if Turtle._screen is None: |
---|
3552 | Turtle._screen = _Screen() |
---|
3553 | return Turtle._screen |
---|
3554 | |
---|
3555 | class _Screen(TurtleScreen): |
---|
3556 | |
---|
3557 | _root = None |
---|
3558 | _canvas = None |
---|
3559 | _title = _CFG["title"] |
---|
3560 | |
---|
3561 | def __init__(self): |
---|
3562 | # XXX there is no need for this code to be conditional, |
---|
3563 | # as there will be only a single _Screen instance, anyway |
---|
3564 | # XXX actually, the turtle demo is injecting root window, |
---|
3565 | # so perhaps the conditional creation of a root should be |
---|
3566 | # preserved (perhaps by passing it as an optional parameter) |
---|
3567 | if _Screen._root is None: |
---|
3568 | _Screen._root = self._root = _Root() |
---|
3569 | self._root.title(_Screen._title) |
---|
3570 | self._root.ondestroy(self._destroy) |
---|
3571 | if _Screen._canvas is None: |
---|
3572 | width = _CFG["width"] |
---|
3573 | height = _CFG["height"] |
---|
3574 | canvwidth = _CFG["canvwidth"] |
---|
3575 | canvheight = _CFG["canvheight"] |
---|
3576 | leftright = _CFG["leftright"] |
---|
3577 | topbottom = _CFG["topbottom"] |
---|
3578 | self._root.setupcanvas(width, height, canvwidth, canvheight) |
---|
3579 | _Screen._canvas = self._root._getcanvas() |
---|
3580 | TurtleScreen.__init__(self, _Screen._canvas) |
---|
3581 | self.setup(width, height, leftright, topbottom) |
---|
3582 | |
---|
3583 | def setup(self, width=_CFG["width"], height=_CFG["height"], |
---|
3584 | startx=_CFG["leftright"], starty=_CFG["topbottom"]): |
---|
3585 | """ Set the size and position of the main window. |
---|
3586 | |
---|
3587 | Arguments: |
---|
3588 | width: as integer a size in pixels, as float a fraction of the screen. |
---|
3589 | Default is 50% of screen. |
---|
3590 | height: as integer the height in pixels, as float a fraction of the |
---|
3591 | screen. Default is 75% of screen. |
---|
3592 | startx: if positive, starting position in pixels from the left |
---|
3593 | edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge |
---|
3594 | Default, startx=None is to center window horizontally. |
---|
3595 | starty: if positive, starting position in pixels from the top |
---|
3596 | edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge |
---|
3597 | Default, starty=None is to center window vertically. |
---|
3598 | |
---|
3599 | Examples (for a Screen instance named screen): |
---|
3600 | >>> screen.setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0) |
---|
3601 | |
---|
3602 | sets window to 200x200 pixels, in upper left of screen |
---|
3603 | |
---|
3604 | >>> screen.setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None) |
---|
3605 | |
---|
3606 | sets window to 75% of screen by 50% of screen and centers |
---|
3607 | """ |
---|
3608 | if not hasattr(self._root, "set_geometry"): |
---|
3609 | return |
---|
3610 | sw = self._root.win_width() |
---|
3611 | sh = self._root.win_height() |
---|
3612 | if isinstance(width, float) and 0 <= width <= 1: |
---|
3613 | width = sw*width |
---|
3614 | if startx is None: |
---|
3615 | startx = (sw - width) / 2 |
---|
3616 | if isinstance(height, float) and 0 <= height <= 1: |
---|
3617 | height = sh*height |
---|
3618 | if starty is None: |
---|
3619 | starty = (sh - height) / 2 |
---|
3620 | self._root.set_geometry(width, height, startx, starty) |
---|
3621 | self.update() |
---|
3622 | |
---|
3623 | def title(self, titlestring): |
---|
3624 | """Set title of turtle-window |
---|
3625 | |
---|
3626 | Argument: |
---|
3627 | titlestring -- a string, to appear in the titlebar of the |
---|
3628 | turtle graphics window. |
---|
3629 | |
---|
3630 | This is a method of Screen-class. Not available for TurtleScreen- |
---|
3631 | objects. |
---|
3632 | |
---|
3633 | Example (for a Screen instance named screen): |
---|
3634 | >>> screen.title("Welcome to the turtle-zoo!") |
---|
3635 | """ |
---|
3636 | if _Screen._root is not None: |
---|
3637 | _Screen._root.title(titlestring) |
---|
3638 | _Screen._title = titlestring |
---|
3639 | |
---|
3640 | def _destroy(self): |
---|
3641 | root = self._root |
---|
3642 | if root is _Screen._root: |
---|
3643 | Turtle._pen = None |
---|
3644 | Turtle._screen = None |
---|
3645 | _Screen._root = None |
---|
3646 | _Screen._canvas = None |
---|
3647 | TurtleScreen._RUNNING = False |
---|
3648 | root.destroy() |
---|
3649 | |
---|
3650 | def bye(self): |
---|
3651 | """Shut the turtlegraphics window. |
---|
3652 | |
---|
3653 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
---|
3654 | >>> screen.bye() |
---|
3655 | """ |
---|
3656 | self._destroy() |
---|
3657 | |
---|
3658 | def exitonclick(self): |
---|
3659 | """Go into mainloop until the mouse is clicked. |
---|
3660 | |
---|
3661 | No arguments. |
---|
3662 | |
---|
3663 | Bind bye() method to mouseclick on TurtleScreen. |
---|
3664 | If "using_IDLE" - value in configuration dictionary is False |
---|
3665 | (default value), enter mainloop. |
---|
3666 | If IDLE with -n switch (no subprocess) is used, this value should be |
---|
3667 | set to True in turtle.cfg. In this case IDLE's mainloop |
---|
3668 | is active also for the client script. |
---|
3669 | |
---|
3670 | This is a method of the Screen-class and not available for |
---|
3671 | TurtleScreen instances. |
---|
3672 | |
---|
3673 | Example (for a Screen instance named screen): |
---|
3674 | >>> screen.exitonclick() |
---|
3675 | |
---|
3676 | """ |
---|
3677 | def exitGracefully(x, y): |
---|
3678 | """Screen.bye() with two dummy-parameters""" |
---|
3679 | self.bye() |
---|
3680 | self.onclick(exitGracefully) |
---|
3681 | if _CFG["using_IDLE"]: |
---|
3682 | return |
---|
3683 | try: |
---|
3684 | mainloop() |
---|
3685 | except AttributeError: |
---|
3686 | exit(0) |
---|
3687 | |
---|
3688 | class Turtle(RawTurtle): |
---|
3689 | """RawTurtle auto-creating (scrolled) canvas. |
---|
3690 | |
---|
3691 | When a Turtle object is created or a function derived from some |
---|
3692 | Turtle method is called a TurtleScreen object is automatically created. |
---|
3693 | """ |
---|
3694 | _pen = None |
---|
3695 | _screen = None |
---|
3696 | |
---|
3697 | def __init__(self, |
---|
3698 | shape=_CFG["shape"], |
---|
3699 | undobuffersize=_CFG["undobuffersize"], |
---|
3700 | visible=_CFG["visible"]): |
---|
3701 | if Turtle._screen is None: |
---|
3702 | Turtle._screen = Screen() |
---|
3703 | RawTurtle.__init__(self, Turtle._screen, |
---|
3704 | shape=shape, |
---|
3705 | undobuffersize=undobuffersize, |
---|
3706 | visible=visible) |
---|
3707 | |
---|
3708 | Pen = Turtle |
---|
3709 | |
---|
3710 | def write_docstringdict(filename="turtle_docstringdict"): |
---|
3711 | """Create and write docstring-dictionary to file. |
---|
3712 | |
---|
3713 | Optional argument: |
---|
3714 | filename -- a string, used as filename |
---|
3715 | default value is turtle_docstringdict |
---|
3716 | |
---|
3717 | Has to be called explicitly, (not used by the turtle-graphics classes) |
---|
3718 | The docstring dictionary will be written to the Python script <filname>.py |
---|
3719 | It is intended to serve as a template for translation of the docstrings |
---|
3720 | into different languages. |
---|
3721 | """ |
---|
3722 | docsdict = {} |
---|
3723 | |
---|
3724 | for methodname in _tg_screen_functions: |
---|
3725 | key = "_Screen."+methodname |
---|
3726 | docsdict[key] = eval(key).__doc__ |
---|
3727 | for methodname in _tg_turtle_functions: |
---|
3728 | key = "Turtle."+methodname |
---|
3729 | docsdict[key] = eval(key).__doc__ |
---|
3730 | |
---|
3731 | f = open("%s.py" % filename,"w") |
---|
3732 | keys = sorted([x for x in docsdict.keys() |
---|
3733 | if x.split('.')[1] not in _alias_list]) |
---|
3734 | f.write('docsdict = {\n\n') |
---|
3735 | for key in keys[:-1]: |
---|
3736 | f.write('%s :\n' % repr(key)) |
---|
3737 | f.write(' """%s\n""",\n\n' % docsdict[key]) |
---|
3738 | key = keys[-1] |
---|
3739 | f.write('%s :\n' % repr(key)) |
---|
3740 | f.write(' """%s\n"""\n\n' % docsdict[key]) |
---|
3741 | f.write("}\n") |
---|
3742 | f.close() |
---|
3743 | |
---|
3744 | def read_docstrings(lang): |
---|
3745 | """Read in docstrings from lang-specific docstring dictionary. |
---|
3746 | |
---|
3747 | Transfer docstrings, translated to lang, from a dictionary-file |
---|
3748 | to the methods of classes Screen and Turtle and - in revised form - |
---|
3749 | to the corresponding functions. |
---|
3750 | """ |
---|
3751 | modname = "turtle_docstringdict_%(language)s" % {'language':lang.lower()} |
---|
3752 | module = __import__(modname) |
---|
3753 | docsdict = module.docsdict |
---|
3754 | for key in docsdict: |
---|
3755 | #print key |
---|
3756 | try: |
---|
3757 | eval(key).im_func.__doc__ = docsdict[key] |
---|
3758 | except: |
---|
3759 | print "Bad docstring-entry: %s" % key |
---|
3760 | |
---|
3761 | _LANGUAGE = _CFG["language"] |
---|
3762 | |
---|
3763 | try: |
---|
3764 | if _LANGUAGE != "english": |
---|
3765 | read_docstrings(_LANGUAGE) |
---|
3766 | except ImportError: |
---|
3767 | print "Cannot find docsdict for", _LANGUAGE |
---|
3768 | except: |
---|
3769 | print ("Unknown Error when trying to import %s-docstring-dictionary" % |
---|
3770 | _LANGUAGE) |
---|
3771 | |
---|
3772 | |
---|
3773 | def getmethparlist(ob): |
---|
3774 | "Get strings describing the arguments for the given object" |
---|
3775 | argText1 = argText2 = "" |
---|
3776 | # bit of a hack for methods - turn it into a function |
---|
3777 | # but we drop the "self" param. |
---|
3778 | if type(ob)==types.MethodType: |
---|
3779 | fob = ob.im_func |
---|
3780 | argOffset = 1 |
---|
3781 | else: |
---|
3782 | fob = ob |
---|
3783 | argOffset = 0 |
---|
3784 | # Try and build one for Python defined functions |
---|
3785 | if type(fob) in [types.FunctionType, types.LambdaType]: |
---|
3786 | try: |
---|
3787 | counter = fob.func_code.co_argcount |
---|
3788 | items2 = list(fob.func_code.co_varnames[argOffset:counter]) |
---|
3789 | realArgs = fob.func_code.co_varnames[argOffset:counter] |
---|
3790 | defaults = fob.func_defaults or [] |
---|
3791 | defaults = list(map(lambda name: "=%s" % repr(name), defaults)) |
---|
3792 | defaults = [""] * (len(realArgs)-len(defaults)) + defaults |
---|
3793 | items1 = map(lambda arg, dflt: arg+dflt, realArgs, defaults) |
---|
3794 | if fob.func_code.co_flags & 0x4: |
---|
3795 | items1.append("*"+fob.func_code.co_varnames[counter]) |
---|
3796 | items2.append("*"+fob.func_code.co_varnames[counter]) |
---|
3797 | counter += 1 |
---|
3798 | if fob.func_code.co_flags & 0x8: |
---|
3799 | items1.append("**"+fob.func_code.co_varnames[counter]) |
---|
3800 | items2.append("**"+fob.func_code.co_varnames[counter]) |
---|
3801 | argText1 = ", ".join(items1) |
---|
3802 | argText1 = "(%s)" % argText1 |
---|
3803 | argText2 = ", ".join(items2) |
---|
3804 | argText2 = "(%s)" % argText2 |
---|
3805 | except: |
---|
3806 | pass |
---|
3807 | return argText1, argText2 |
---|
3808 | |
---|
3809 | def _turtle_docrevise(docstr): |
---|
3810 | """To reduce docstrings from RawTurtle class for functions |
---|
3811 | """ |
---|
3812 | import re |
---|
3813 | if docstr is None: |
---|
3814 | return None |
---|
3815 | turtlename = _CFG["exampleturtle"] |
---|
3816 | newdocstr = docstr.replace("%s." % turtlename,"") |
---|
3817 | parexp = re.compile(r' \(.+ %s\):' % turtlename) |
---|
3818 | newdocstr = parexp.sub(":", newdocstr) |
---|
3819 | return newdocstr |
---|
3820 | |
---|
3821 | def _screen_docrevise(docstr): |
---|
3822 | """To reduce docstrings from TurtleScreen class for functions |
---|
3823 | """ |
---|
3824 | import re |
---|
3825 | if docstr is None: |
---|
3826 | return None |
---|
3827 | screenname = _CFG["examplescreen"] |
---|
3828 | newdocstr = docstr.replace("%s." % screenname,"") |
---|
3829 | parexp = re.compile(r' \(.+ %s\):' % screenname) |
---|
3830 | newdocstr = parexp.sub(":", newdocstr) |
---|
3831 | return newdocstr |
---|
3832 | |
---|
3833 | ## The following mechanism makes all methods of RawTurtle and Turtle available |
---|
3834 | ## as functions. So we can enhance, change, add, delete methods to these |
---|
3835 | ## classes and do not need to change anything here. |
---|
3836 | |
---|
3837 | __func_body = """\ |
---|
3838 | def {name}{paramslist}: |
---|
3839 | if {obj} is None: |
---|
3840 | if not TurtleScreen._RUNNING: |
---|
3841 | TurtleScreen._RUNNING = True |
---|
3842 | raise Terminator |
---|
3843 | {obj} = {init} |
---|
3844 | try: |
---|
3845 | return {obj}.{name}{argslist} |
---|
3846 | except TK.TclError: |
---|
3847 | if not TurtleScreen._RUNNING: |
---|
3848 | TurtleScreen._RUNNING = True |
---|
3849 | raise Terminator |
---|
3850 | raise |
---|
3851 | """ |
---|
3852 | |
---|
3853 | def _make_global_funcs(functions, cls, obj, init, docrevise): |
---|
3854 | for methodname in functions: |
---|
3855 | method = getattr(cls, methodname) |
---|
3856 | pl1, pl2 = getmethparlist(method) |
---|
3857 | if pl1 == "": |
---|
3858 | print ">>>>>>", pl1, pl2 |
---|
3859 | continue |
---|
3860 | defstr = __func_body.format(obj=obj, init=init, name=methodname, |
---|
3861 | paramslist=pl1, argslist=pl2) |
---|
3862 | exec defstr in globals() |
---|
3863 | globals()[methodname].__doc__ = docrevise(method.__doc__) |
---|
3864 | |
---|
3865 | _make_global_funcs(_tg_screen_functions, _Screen, |
---|
3866 | 'Turtle._screen', 'Screen()', _screen_docrevise) |
---|
3867 | _make_global_funcs(_tg_turtle_functions, Turtle, |
---|
3868 | 'Turtle._pen', 'Turtle()', _turtle_docrevise) |
---|
3869 | |
---|
3870 | |
---|
3871 | done = mainloop = TK.mainloop |
---|
3872 | |
---|
3873 | if __name__ == "__main__": |
---|
3874 | def switchpen(): |
---|
3875 | if isdown(): |
---|
3876 | pu() |
---|
3877 | else: |
---|
3878 | pd() |
---|
3879 | |
---|
3880 | def demo1(): |
---|
3881 | """Demo of old turtle.py - module""" |
---|
3882 | reset() |
---|
3883 | tracer(True) |
---|
3884 | up() |
---|
3885 | backward(100) |
---|
3886 | down() |
---|
3887 | # draw 3 squares; the last filled |
---|
3888 | width(3) |
---|
3889 | for i in range(3): |
---|
3890 | if i == 2: |
---|
3891 | fill(1) |
---|
3892 | for _ in range(4): |
---|
3893 | forward(20) |
---|
3894 | left(90) |
---|
3895 | if i == 2: |
---|
3896 | color("maroon") |
---|
3897 | fill(0) |
---|
3898 | up() |
---|
3899 | forward(30) |
---|
3900 | down() |
---|
3901 | width(1) |
---|
3902 | color("black") |
---|
3903 | # move out of the way |
---|
3904 | tracer(False) |
---|
3905 | up() |
---|
3906 | right(90) |
---|
3907 | forward(100) |
---|
3908 | right(90) |
---|
3909 | forward(100) |
---|
3910 | right(180) |
---|
3911 | down() |
---|
3912 | # some text |
---|
3913 | write("startstart", 1) |
---|
3914 | write(u"start", 1) |
---|
3915 | color("red") |
---|
3916 | # staircase |
---|
3917 | for i in range(5): |
---|
3918 | forward(20) |
---|
3919 | left(90) |
---|
3920 | forward(20) |
---|
3921 | right(90) |
---|
3922 | # filled staircase |
---|
3923 | tracer(True) |
---|
3924 | fill(1) |
---|
3925 | for i in range(5): |
---|
3926 | forward(20) |
---|
3927 | left(90) |
---|
3928 | forward(20) |
---|
3929 | right(90) |
---|
3930 | fill(0) |
---|
3931 | # more text |
---|
3932 | |
---|
3933 | def demo2(): |
---|
3934 | """Demo of some new features.""" |
---|
3935 | speed(1) |
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3936 | st() |
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3937 | pensize(3) |
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3938 | setheading(towards(0, 0)) |
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3939 | radius = distance(0, 0)/2.0 |
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3940 | rt(90) |
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3941 | for _ in range(18): |
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3942 | switchpen() |
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3943 | circle(radius, 10) |
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3944 | write("wait a moment...") |
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3945 | while undobufferentries(): |
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3946 | undo() |
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3947 | reset() |
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3948 | lt(90) |
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3949 | colormode(255) |
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3950 | laenge = 10 |
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3951 | pencolor("green") |
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3952 | pensize(3) |
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3953 | lt(180) |
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3954 | for i in range(-2, 16): |
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3955 | if i > 0: |
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3956 | begin_fill() |
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3957 | fillcolor(255-15*i, 0, 15*i) |
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3958 | for _ in range(3): |
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3959 | fd(laenge) |
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3960 | lt(120) |
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3961 | laenge += 10 |
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3962 | lt(15) |
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3963 | speed((speed()+1)%12) |
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3964 | end_fill() |
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3965 | |
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3966 | lt(120) |
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3967 | pu() |
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3968 | fd(70) |
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3969 | rt(30) |
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3970 | pd() |
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3971 | color("red","yellow") |
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3972 | speed(0) |
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3973 | fill(1) |
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3974 | for _ in range(4): |
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3975 | circle(50, 90) |
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3976 | rt(90) |
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3977 | fd(30) |
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3978 | rt(90) |
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3979 | fill(0) |
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3980 | lt(90) |
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3981 | pu() |
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3982 | fd(30) |
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3983 | pd() |
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3984 | shape("turtle") |
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3985 | |
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3986 | tri = getturtle() |
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3987 | tri.resizemode("auto") |
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3988 | turtle = Turtle() |
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3989 | turtle.resizemode(u"auto") |
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3990 | turtle.shape("turtle") |
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3991 | turtle.reset() |
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3992 | turtle.left(90) |
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3993 | turtle.speed(0) |
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3994 | turtle.up() |
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3995 | turtle.goto(280, 40) |
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3996 | turtle.lt(30) |
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3997 | turtle.down() |
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3998 | turtle.speed(6) |
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3999 | turtle.color("blue",u"orange") |
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4000 | turtle.pensize(2) |
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4001 | tri.speed(6) |
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4002 | setheading(towards(turtle)) |
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4003 | count = 1 |
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4004 | while tri.distance(turtle) > 4: |
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4005 | turtle.fd(3.5) |
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4006 | turtle.lt(0.6) |
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4007 | tri.setheading(tri.towards(turtle)) |
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4008 | tri.fd(4) |
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4009 | if count % 20 == 0: |
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4010 | turtle.stamp() |
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4011 | tri.stamp() |
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4012 | switchpen() |
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4013 | count += 1 |
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4014 | tri.write("CAUGHT! ", font=("Arial", 16, "bold"), align=u"right") |
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4015 | tri.pencolor("black") |
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4016 | tri.pencolor(u"red") |
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4017 | |
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4018 | def baba(xdummy, ydummy): |
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4019 | clearscreen() |
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4020 | bye() |
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4021 | |
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4022 | time.sleep(2) |
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4023 | |
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4024 | while undobufferentries(): |
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4025 | tri.undo() |
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4026 | turtle.undo() |
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4027 | tri.fd(50) |
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4028 | tri.write(" Click me!", font = ("Courier", 12, "bold") ) |
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4029 | tri.onclick(baba, 1) |
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4030 | |
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4031 | demo1() |
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4032 | demo2() |
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4033 | exitonclick() |
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