1 | """Utility functions for copying and archiving files and directory trees. |
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2 | |
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3 | XXX The functions here don't copy the resource fork or other metadata on Mac. |
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4 | |
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5 | """ |
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6 | |
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7 | import os |
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8 | import sys |
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9 | import stat |
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10 | from os.path import abspath |
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11 | import fnmatch |
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12 | import collections |
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13 | import errno |
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14 | |
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15 | try: |
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16 | from pwd import getpwnam |
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17 | except ImportError: |
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18 | getpwnam = None |
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19 | |
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20 | try: |
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21 | from grp import getgrnam |
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22 | except ImportError: |
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23 | getgrnam = None |
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24 | |
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25 | __all__ = ["copyfileobj", "copyfile", "copymode", "copystat", "copy", "copy2", |
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26 | "copytree", "move", "rmtree", "Error", "SpecialFileError", |
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27 | "ExecError", "make_archive", "get_archive_formats", |
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28 | "register_archive_format", "unregister_archive_format", |
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29 | "ignore_patterns"] |
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30 | |
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31 | class Error(EnvironmentError): |
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32 | pass |
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33 | |
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34 | class SpecialFileError(EnvironmentError): |
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35 | """Raised when trying to do a kind of operation (e.g. copying) which is |
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36 | not supported on a special file (e.g. a named pipe)""" |
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37 | |
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38 | class ExecError(EnvironmentError): |
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39 | """Raised when a command could not be executed""" |
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40 | |
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41 | try: |
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42 | WindowsError |
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43 | except NameError: |
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44 | WindowsError = None |
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45 | |
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46 | def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16*1024): |
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47 | """copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst""" |
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48 | while 1: |
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49 | buf = fsrc.read(length) |
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50 | if not buf: |
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51 | break |
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52 | fdst.write(buf) |
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53 | |
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54 | def _samefile(src, dst): |
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55 | # Macintosh, Unix. |
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56 | if hasattr(os.path, 'samefile'): |
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57 | try: |
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58 | return os.path.samefile(src, dst) |
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59 | except OSError: |
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60 | return False |
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61 | |
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62 | # All other platforms: check for same pathname. |
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63 | return (os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(src)) == |
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64 | os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(dst))) |
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65 | |
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66 | def copyfile(src, dst): |
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67 | """Copy data from src to dst""" |
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68 | if _samefile(src, dst): |
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69 | raise Error("`%s` and `%s` are the same file" % (src, dst)) |
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70 | |
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71 | for fn in [src, dst]: |
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72 | try: |
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73 | st = os.stat(fn) |
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74 | except OSError: |
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75 | # File most likely does not exist |
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76 | pass |
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77 | else: |
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78 | # XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...) |
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79 | if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode): |
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80 | raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn) |
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81 | |
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82 | with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc: |
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83 | with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst: |
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84 | copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst) |
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85 | |
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86 | def copymode(src, dst): |
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87 | """Copy mode bits from src to dst""" |
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88 | if hasattr(os, 'chmod'): |
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89 | st = os.stat(src) |
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90 | mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode) |
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91 | os.chmod(dst, mode) |
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92 | |
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93 | def copystat(src, dst): |
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94 | """Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst""" |
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95 | st = os.stat(src) |
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96 | mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode) |
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97 | if hasattr(os, 'utime'): |
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98 | os.utime(dst, (st.st_atime, st.st_mtime)) |
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99 | if hasattr(os, 'chmod'): |
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100 | os.chmod(dst, mode) |
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101 | if hasattr(os, 'chflags') and hasattr(st, 'st_flags'): |
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102 | try: |
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103 | os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags) |
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104 | except OSError, why: |
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105 | for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP': |
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106 | if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err): |
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107 | break |
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108 | else: |
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109 | raise |
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110 | |
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111 | def copy(src, dst): |
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112 | """Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst"). |
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113 | |
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114 | The destination may be a directory. |
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115 | |
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116 | """ |
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117 | if os.path.isdir(dst): |
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118 | dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src)) |
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119 | copyfile(src, dst) |
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120 | copymode(src, dst) |
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121 | |
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122 | def copy2(src, dst): |
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123 | """Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst"). |
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124 | |
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125 | The destination may be a directory. |
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126 | |
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127 | """ |
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128 | if os.path.isdir(dst): |
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129 | dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src)) |
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130 | copyfile(src, dst) |
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131 | copystat(src, dst) |
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132 | |
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133 | def ignore_patterns(*patterns): |
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134 | """Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter. |
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135 | |
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136 | Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns |
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137 | that are used to exclude files""" |
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138 | def _ignore_patterns(path, names): |
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139 | ignored_names = [] |
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140 | for pattern in patterns: |
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141 | ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)) |
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142 | return set(ignored_names) |
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143 | return _ignore_patterns |
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144 | |
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145 | def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None): |
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146 | """Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2(). |
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147 | |
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148 | The destination directory must not already exist. |
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149 | If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons. |
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150 | |
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151 | If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the |
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152 | source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if |
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153 | it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic |
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154 | links are copied. |
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155 | |
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156 | The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it |
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157 | is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory |
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158 | being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of |
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159 | `src` contents, as returned by os.listdir(): |
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160 | |
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161 | callable(src, names) -> ignored_names |
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162 | |
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163 | Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be |
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164 | called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a |
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165 | list of names relative to the `src` directory that should |
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166 | not be copied. |
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167 | |
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168 | XXX Consider this example code rather than the ultimate tool. |
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169 | |
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170 | """ |
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171 | names = os.listdir(src) |
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172 | if ignore is not None: |
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173 | ignored_names = ignore(src, names) |
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174 | else: |
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175 | ignored_names = set() |
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176 | |
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177 | os.makedirs(dst) |
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178 | errors = [] |
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179 | for name in names: |
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180 | if name in ignored_names: |
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181 | continue |
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182 | srcname = os.path.join(src, name) |
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183 | dstname = os.path.join(dst, name) |
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184 | try: |
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185 | if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname): |
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186 | linkto = os.readlink(srcname) |
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187 | os.symlink(linkto, dstname) |
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188 | elif os.path.isdir(srcname): |
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189 | copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore) |
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190 | else: |
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191 | # Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file types |
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192 | copy2(srcname, dstname) |
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193 | # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can |
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194 | # continue with other files |
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195 | except Error, err: |
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196 | errors.extend(err.args[0]) |
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197 | except EnvironmentError, why: |
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198 | errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why))) |
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199 | try: |
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200 | copystat(src, dst) |
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201 | except OSError, why: |
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202 | if WindowsError is not None and isinstance(why, WindowsError): |
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203 | # Copying file access times may fail on Windows |
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204 | pass |
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205 | else: |
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206 | errors.append((src, dst, str(why))) |
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207 | if errors: |
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208 | raise Error, errors |
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209 | |
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210 | def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None): |
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211 | """Recursively delete a directory tree. |
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212 | |
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213 | If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror |
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214 | is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func, |
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215 | path, exc_info) where func is os.listdir, os.remove, or os.rmdir; |
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216 | path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and |
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217 | exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info(). If ignore_errors |
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218 | is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised. |
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219 | |
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220 | """ |
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221 | if ignore_errors: |
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222 | def onerror(*args): |
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223 | pass |
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224 | elif onerror is None: |
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225 | def onerror(*args): |
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226 | raise |
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227 | try: |
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228 | if os.path.islink(path): |
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229 | # symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669 |
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230 | raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link") |
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231 | except OSError: |
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232 | onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info()) |
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233 | # can't continue even if onerror hook returns |
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234 | return |
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235 | names = [] |
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236 | try: |
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237 | names = os.listdir(path) |
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238 | except os.error, err: |
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239 | onerror(os.listdir, path, sys.exc_info()) |
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240 | for name in names: |
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241 | fullname = os.path.join(path, name) |
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242 | try: |
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243 | mode = os.lstat(fullname).st_mode |
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244 | except os.error: |
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245 | mode = 0 |
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246 | if stat.S_ISDIR(mode): |
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247 | rmtree(fullname, ignore_errors, onerror) |
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248 | else: |
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249 | try: |
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250 | os.remove(fullname) |
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251 | except os.error, err: |
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252 | onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info()) |
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253 | try: |
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254 | os.rmdir(path) |
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255 | except os.error: |
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256 | onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info()) |
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257 | |
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258 | |
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259 | def _basename(path): |
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260 | # A basename() variant which first strips the trailing slash, if present. |
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261 | # Thus we always get the last component of the path, even for directories. |
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262 | sep = os.path.sep + (os.path.altsep or '') |
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263 | return os.path.basename(path.rstrip(sep)) |
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264 | |
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265 | def move(src, dst): |
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266 | """Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is |
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267 | similar to the Unix "mv" command. |
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268 | |
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269 | If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source |
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270 | is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already |
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271 | exist. |
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272 | |
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273 | If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be |
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274 | overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics. |
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275 | |
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276 | If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used. |
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277 | Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. |
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278 | A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of |
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279 | the issues this implementation glosses over. |
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280 | |
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281 | """ |
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282 | real_dst = dst |
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283 | if os.path.isdir(dst): |
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284 | if _samefile(src, dst): |
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285 | # We might be on a case insensitive filesystem, |
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286 | # perform the rename anyway. |
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287 | os.rename(src, dst) |
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288 | return |
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289 | |
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290 | real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src)) |
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291 | if os.path.exists(real_dst): |
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292 | raise Error, "Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst |
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293 | try: |
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294 | os.rename(src, real_dst) |
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295 | except OSError: |
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296 | if os.path.isdir(src): |
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297 | if _destinsrc(src, dst): |
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298 | raise Error, "Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself '%s'." % (src, dst) |
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299 | copytree(src, real_dst, symlinks=True) |
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300 | rmtree(src) |
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301 | else: |
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302 | copy2(src, real_dst) |
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303 | os.unlink(src) |
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304 | |
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305 | def _destinsrc(src, dst): |
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306 | src = abspath(src) |
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307 | dst = abspath(dst) |
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308 | if not src.endswith(os.path.sep): |
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309 | src += os.path.sep |
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310 | if not dst.endswith(os.path.sep): |
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311 | dst += os.path.sep |
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312 | return dst.startswith(src) |
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313 | |
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314 | def _get_gid(name): |
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315 | """Returns a gid, given a group name.""" |
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316 | if getgrnam is None or name is None: |
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317 | return None |
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318 | try: |
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319 | result = getgrnam(name) |
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320 | except KeyError: |
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321 | result = None |
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322 | if result is not None: |
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323 | return result[2] |
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324 | return None |
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325 | |
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326 | def _get_uid(name): |
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327 | """Returns an uid, given a user name.""" |
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328 | if getpwnam is None or name is None: |
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329 | return None |
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330 | try: |
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331 | result = getpwnam(name) |
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332 | except KeyError: |
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333 | result = None |
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334 | if result is not None: |
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335 | return result[2] |
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336 | return None |
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337 | |
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338 | def _make_tarball(base_name, base_dir, compress="gzip", verbose=0, dry_run=0, |
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339 | owner=None, group=None, logger=None): |
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340 | """Create a (possibly compressed) tar file from all the files under |
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341 | 'base_dir'. |
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342 | |
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343 | 'compress' must be "gzip" (the default), "bzip2", or None. |
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344 | |
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345 | 'owner' and 'group' can be used to define an owner and a group for the |
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346 | archive that is being built. If not provided, the current owner and group |
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347 | will be used. |
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348 | |
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349 | The output tar file will be named 'base_name' + ".tar", possibly plus |
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350 | the appropriate compression extension (".gz", or ".bz2"). |
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351 | |
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352 | Returns the output filename. |
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353 | """ |
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354 | tar_compression = {'gzip': 'gz', 'bzip2': 'bz2', None: ''} |
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355 | compress_ext = {'gzip': '.gz', 'bzip2': '.bz2'} |
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356 | |
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357 | # flags for compression program, each element of list will be an argument |
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358 | if compress is not None and compress not in compress_ext.keys(): |
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359 | raise ValueError, \ |
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360 | ("bad value for 'compress': must be None, 'gzip' or 'bzip2'") |
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361 | |
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362 | archive_name = base_name + '.tar' + compress_ext.get(compress, '') |
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363 | archive_dir = os.path.dirname(archive_name) |
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364 | |
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365 | if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir): |
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366 | if logger is not None: |
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367 | logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir) |
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368 | if not dry_run: |
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369 | os.makedirs(archive_dir) |
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370 | |
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371 | |
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372 | # creating the tarball |
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373 | import tarfile # late import so Python build itself doesn't break |
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374 | |
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375 | if logger is not None: |
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376 | logger.info('Creating tar archive') |
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377 | |
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378 | uid = _get_uid(owner) |
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379 | gid = _get_gid(group) |
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380 | |
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381 | def _set_uid_gid(tarinfo): |
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382 | if gid is not None: |
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383 | tarinfo.gid = gid |
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384 | tarinfo.gname = group |
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385 | if uid is not None: |
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386 | tarinfo.uid = uid |
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387 | tarinfo.uname = owner |
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388 | return tarinfo |
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389 | |
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390 | if not dry_run: |
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391 | tar = tarfile.open(archive_name, 'w|%s' % tar_compression[compress]) |
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392 | try: |
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393 | tar.add(base_dir, filter=_set_uid_gid) |
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394 | finally: |
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395 | tar.close() |
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396 | |
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397 | return archive_name |
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398 | |
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399 | def _call_external_zip(base_dir, zip_filename, verbose=False, dry_run=False): |
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400 | # XXX see if we want to keep an external call here |
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401 | if verbose: |
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402 | zipoptions = "-r" |
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403 | else: |
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404 | zipoptions = "-rq" |
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405 | from distutils.errors import DistutilsExecError |
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406 | from distutils.spawn import spawn |
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407 | try: |
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408 | spawn(["zip", zipoptions, zip_filename, base_dir], dry_run=dry_run) |
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409 | except DistutilsExecError: |
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410 | # XXX really should distinguish between "couldn't find |
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411 | # external 'zip' command" and "zip failed". |
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412 | raise ExecError, \ |
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413 | ("unable to create zip file '%s': " |
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414 | "could neither import the 'zipfile' module nor " |
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415 | "find a standalone zip utility") % zip_filename |
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416 | |
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417 | def _make_zipfile(base_name, base_dir, verbose=0, dry_run=0, logger=None): |
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418 | """Create a zip file from all the files under 'base_dir'. |
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419 | |
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420 | The output zip file will be named 'base_name' + ".zip". Uses either the |
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421 | "zipfile" Python module (if available) or the InfoZIP "zip" utility |
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422 | (if installed and found on the default search path). If neither tool is |
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423 | available, raises ExecError. Returns the name of the output zip |
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424 | file. |
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425 | """ |
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426 | zip_filename = base_name + ".zip" |
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427 | archive_dir = os.path.dirname(base_name) |
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428 | |
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429 | if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir): |
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430 | if logger is not None: |
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431 | logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir) |
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432 | if not dry_run: |
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433 | os.makedirs(archive_dir) |
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434 | |
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435 | # If zipfile module is not available, try spawning an external 'zip' |
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436 | # command. |
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437 | try: |
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438 | import zipfile |
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439 | except ImportError: |
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440 | zipfile = None |
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441 | |
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442 | if zipfile is None: |
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443 | _call_external_zip(base_dir, zip_filename, verbose, dry_run) |
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444 | else: |
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445 | if logger is not None: |
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446 | logger.info("creating '%s' and adding '%s' to it", |
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447 | zip_filename, base_dir) |
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448 | |
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449 | if not dry_run: |
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450 | with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, "w", |
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451 | compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf: |
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452 | path = os.path.normpath(base_dir) |
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453 | zf.write(path, path) |
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454 | if logger is not None: |
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455 | logger.info("adding '%s'", path) |
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456 | for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(base_dir): |
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457 | for name in sorted(dirnames): |
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458 | path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirpath, name)) |
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459 | zf.write(path, path) |
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460 | if logger is not None: |
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461 | logger.info("adding '%s'", path) |
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462 | for name in filenames: |
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463 | path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(dirpath, name)) |
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464 | if os.path.isfile(path): |
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465 | zf.write(path, path) |
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466 | if logger is not None: |
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467 | logger.info("adding '%s'", path) |
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468 | |
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469 | return zip_filename |
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470 | |
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471 | _ARCHIVE_FORMATS = { |
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472 | 'gztar': (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'gzip')], "gzip'ed tar-file"), |
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473 | 'bztar': (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'bzip2')], "bzip2'ed tar-file"), |
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474 | 'tar': (_make_tarball, [('compress', None)], "uncompressed tar file"), |
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475 | 'zip': (_make_zipfile, [],"ZIP file") |
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476 | } |
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477 | |
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478 | def get_archive_formats(): |
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479 | """Returns a list of supported formats for archiving and unarchiving. |
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480 | |
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481 | Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple (name, description) |
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482 | """ |
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483 | formats = [(name, registry[2]) for name, registry in |
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484 | _ARCHIVE_FORMATS.items()] |
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485 | formats.sort() |
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486 | return formats |
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487 | |
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488 | def register_archive_format(name, function, extra_args=None, description=''): |
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489 | """Registers an archive format. |
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490 | |
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491 | name is the name of the format. function is the callable that will be |
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492 | used to create archives. If provided, extra_args is a sequence of |
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493 | (name, value) tuples that will be passed as arguments to the callable. |
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494 | description can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned |
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495 | by the get_archive_formats() function. |
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496 | """ |
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497 | if extra_args is None: |
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498 | extra_args = [] |
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499 | if not isinstance(function, collections.Callable): |
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500 | raise TypeError('The %s object is not callable' % function) |
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501 | if not isinstance(extra_args, (tuple, list)): |
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502 | raise TypeError('extra_args needs to be a sequence') |
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503 | for element in extra_args: |
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504 | if not isinstance(element, (tuple, list)) or len(element) !=2 : |
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505 | raise TypeError('extra_args elements are : (arg_name, value)') |
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506 | |
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507 | _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name] = (function, extra_args, description) |
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508 | |
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509 | def unregister_archive_format(name): |
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510 | del _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name] |
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511 | |
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512 | def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0, |
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513 | dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None): |
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514 | """Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar). |
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515 | |
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516 | 'base_name' is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific |
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517 | extension; 'format' is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "bztar" |
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518 | or "gztar". |
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519 | |
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520 | 'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the |
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521 | archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the |
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522 | archive. 'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from; |
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523 | ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and |
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524 | directories in the archive. 'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default |
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525 | to the current directory. Returns the name of the archive file. |
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526 | |
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527 | 'owner' and 'group' are used when creating a tar archive. By default, |
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528 | uses the current owner and group. |
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529 | """ |
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530 | save_cwd = os.getcwd() |
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531 | if root_dir is not None: |
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532 | if logger is not None: |
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533 | logger.debug("changing into '%s'", root_dir) |
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534 | base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name) |
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535 | if not dry_run: |
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536 | os.chdir(root_dir) |
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537 | |
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538 | if base_dir is None: |
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539 | base_dir = os.curdir |
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540 | |
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541 | kwargs = {'dry_run': dry_run, 'logger': logger} |
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542 | |
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543 | try: |
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544 | format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format] |
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545 | except KeyError: |
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546 | raise ValueError, "unknown archive format '%s'" % format |
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547 | |
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548 | func = format_info[0] |
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549 | for arg, val in format_info[1]: |
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550 | kwargs[arg] = val |
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551 | |
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552 | if format != 'zip': |
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553 | kwargs['owner'] = owner |
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554 | kwargs['group'] = group |
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555 | |
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556 | try: |
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557 | filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs) |
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558 | finally: |
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559 | if root_dir is not None: |
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560 | if logger is not None: |
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561 | logger.debug("changing back to '%s'", save_cwd) |
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562 | os.chdir(save_cwd) |
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563 | |
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564 | return filename |
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